Chromosome Numbers and Seedling Morphology of Some Angiospermae Collected in Brazil*

Gadella, Th.W.J.; Kliphuis, E.; Lindeman, J. C.; Mennega, E.A.

doi:10.1111/j.1438-8677.1969.tb00572.x

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Germination is phanerocotylar, the eophylls being decussate with the cotyledons, but seedlings of only relstively few species have been studied (Ziegler 1925;Favarger 1952Favarger , 1962Gadella et al 1969;Rao & Chin 1972).…”

Section: Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae

Renner¹

1993

Nordic Journal of Botany

316

244

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A systematic analysis of the Melastomataceae, a pantropical family of about 4200-4500 species in c. 166 genera, and their traditional allies, the Memecylaceae, with c. 430 species in six genera, suggests a phylogeny in which there are two major lineages in the Melastomataceae and a clearly distinct Memecylaceae. Melastomataceae have close affinities with Crypteroniaceae and Lythraceae, while Memecylaceae seem closer to Myrtaceae, all of which were considered as possible outgroups, but sister group relationships in this plexus could not be resolved. Based on an analysis of all morphological and anatomical characters useful for higher level grouping in the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae a cladistic analysis of the evolutionary relationships of the tribes of the Melastomataceae was performed, employing part of the ingroup as outgroup. Using 7 of the 21 characters scored for all genera, the maximum parsimony program PAUP in an exhaustive search found four 8-step trees with a consistency index of 0.86. Because of the limited number of characters used and the uncertain monophyly of some of the tribes, however, all presented phylogenetic hypotheses are weak. A synapomorphy of the Memecylaceae is the presence of a dorsal terpenoid-producing connective gland, a synapomorphy of the Melastomataceae is the perfectly acrodromous leaf venation. Within the Melastomataceae, a basal monophyletic group consists of the Kibessioideae (Prernandra) characterized by fiber tracheids, radially and axially included phloem, and median-parietal placentation (placentas along the mid-veins of the locule walls). A second clade, the Melastomatoideae, with libriform fibers and lacking included phloem, and with axile-basal or axillary placentation, comprises the remainder of Melastomataceae and consists of eight reasonably well differentiated tribes, one of them paleotropical (Astronieae), three pantropical (Sonerileae, Melastomeae, and Miconieae), and four neotropical (Merianieae, Microlicieae, Rhexieae, and Blakeeae). The Astronieae have several plesiomorphic characters, such as anthers opening by two slits and axile-basal placentation; all other clades have primarily poricidal anthers' and consistently axillary placentas. A new subfamilial and tribal classification based on the analysis includes an annotated list of all currently recognized genera with numbers of species, distribution and important synonyms. Significant features of the classification include: the placement of Pternandra in a subfamily of its own and the dissolution of the Astronioideae; the merger of three neotropical and paleotropical tribal pairs; and the placement of Rhexia in a tribe of its own. Biogeography, fossil history, and hypothesized phylogeny of the Melastomataceae imply an east Gondwanian origin of the family.

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Section: Germinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae

Renner¹

1993

Nordic Journal of Botany

316

244

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“…An account of x = 10 from the Brazilian Araujia sericifera Brot. (Gadella et al 1969), however, points to a probably more frequent occurrence of a derived base number within the subtribe Glossonematinae.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Deviating chromosome numbers in Asclepiadaceae

Albers

Liede

Meve

1993

Nordic Journal of Botany

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“…; Almeda 1997;Gadella et al 1969). It could also be regarded as an important long-term evolution specialty of Melastomataceae(Solt & Wurdack 1980;Almeda & Chuang 1992).Breeding experiments often use macroscopically ploidy-related changes on morphological features and microscopically changes on stomatal characteristics as indicators to quickly isolate polyploidy due to economy and operability(Sattler et al 2016;Cui et al 2017;Miguel & Leonhardt 2011).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro induction of tetraploids in the ornamental plant Melastoma candidum using colchicine treatment

Zou,

Zheng,

Wang

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Artificially inducing tetraploids can aid in breeding new acarpous varieties and distant hybridization. This study firstly achieved polyploid induction in Melastoma, a popular ornamental shrub in southern China and northern Vietnam. The mature tetraploid obtained was identified and characterized. Colchicine was used as a mutagenic agent for doubling of germinating seed explants. By in vitro method, survival rate and tetraploid rate were affected by pre-culture, chemical concentration, and exposure duration. Explants treated with 0.2% concentration for four or more days showed 100% polyploid induction based on radicle morphology. However, considering induction success and mortality, the best option was 0.2% concentration for two days, resulting in a 71.9% polyploidization rate and 71.7% survival rate. Plantlets were then inoculated on MS + 0.5 mg/L BA + 0.1 mg/L NAA for shoot induction and ½ MS + 0.5 g/L NAA for further rooting. Twelve mature tetraploid plantlets were finally confirmed by flow cytometry. Phenotypic analysis revealed smaller, rounder, and thicker leaves with more abundant and longer epidermal hairs in polyploid and mixoploid plants compared to diploids. Also, stomata of polyploid were larger and sparser than those of the diploid wild type. These findings unprecedentedly provided an effective methodology for artificial polypoidy germplasm resources acquisition within Melastomataceae, which lay an important foundation for breeding fruitless cultivars.

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Chromosome Numbers and Seedling Morphology of Some Angiospermae Collected in Brazil*

Abstract: SUMMARYThe chromosome numbers of 31 species of Angiospermae collected in S. Brazil were determined. Of these species 5 were studied before, the other numbers are new, 11 are first counts for genera and one even for a family. Some notes on the cytology and morphology are added.

Cited by 20 publications

References 8 publications

Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae

Phylogeny and classification of the Melastomataceae and Memecylaceae

Deviating chromosome numbers in Asclepiadaceae

In vitro induction of tetraploids in the ornamental plant Melastoma candidum using colchicine treatment

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