Chronic toxicity of ponceau SX to rats, mice, and dogs

The broad spectrum of negative effects of food additives and surfactants on living organisms and the environment in general indicate a necessity of a detailed study on this issue. The aim of this article is to evaluate the impact of food additives and surfactants in a concentration of 350 mg/kg of fodder on the body weight of third age Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus, 1758 (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae) larvae. A significant change in the body weight of T. molitor larvae was observed when they consumed a diet containing 350 mg/kg of sodium glutamate, sodium cyclamate and sodium benzoate. We observed a tendency towards increase in body weight after addition of the food colouring Allura Red, saccharin, benzoic acid, betaine, emulsifying wax, AOS and SLES, and also we observed a decrease in body weight after addition of Tartrazine and Indigo Carmine in the same concentration. Out of the 18 tested food additives, 3 significantly stimulated an increase in the body weight of third age T. molitor larvae, and 3 manifested the same effect at the level of tendency (stimulated an increase in mass on average by 43-58% over the 14-day experiment), and 2 caused decrease in the body weight of larvae. Also, the 4 studied surfactants manifested a tendency towards increase in the body weight of T. molitor. This study on the impact of food additives and surfactants on organisms of insects is of great significance for protecting rare species of insects.

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“…The toxicity of the colouring Ponceau was studied by Hansen et al (1963) and Davis et al (1966). They used 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 5.0% concentrations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of synthetic food additives and surfactants on the body weight of larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)

Мартынов

Brygadyrenko

2017

Biosys. divers.

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“…Conflicting data become evident when one scans the literature on the carcinogenic potential of food dyes examined in this report. Feeding experiments in rats have shown Blue 1 to be non-tumorigenic (Hansen et a/., 1966;Hess and Fitzhugh, 1953;Mannell el a/., 1962;Willheim and Ivy, 1953), whereas results from subcutaneous inoculation (SC) were either positive (Hansen et a/., 1966;Nelson and Hagan, 1953) or negative (Mannell and Grice, 1964) with respect to tumor induction. Blue 2 was shown to be tumorigenic by SC inoculation in rats but non-tumorigenic in feeding experiments (Hansen et a/., 1966).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Feeding experiments in rats have shown Blue 1 to be non-tumorigenic (Hansen et a/., 1966;Hess and Fitzhugh, 1953;Mannell el a/., 1962;Willheim and Ivy, 1953), whereas results from subcutaneous inoculation (SC) were either positive (Hansen et a/., 1966;Nelson and Hagan, 1953) or negative (Mannell and Grice, 1964) with respect to tumor induction. Blue 2 was shown to be tumorigenic by SC inoculation in rats but non-tumorigenic in feeding experiments (Hansen et a/., 1966). Green 3 was either tumorigenic (Willheim and Ivy, 1953) or non-turnorigenic (Hess and Fitzhugh, 1953) in feeding experiments on rats and tumorigenic by SC inoculation (Nelson and Hagan, 1953).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In vitro and in vivo indications of the carcinogenicity and toxicity of food dyes

Price

Suk²,

Freeman

et al. 1978

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Eight food dyes or commercial color mixtures certified for use in the United States were tested for their ability to transform in vitro a serial line of Fischer rat embryo cells previously reported to be a sensitive indicator of chemicals having carcinogenic potential. Malignant cell transformation was induced by a commercial mixture (G2024) of two of these dyes (Blue 1 and Yellow 5) and by Blue 2, Green 3 (one of two experiments) and Red 4. Food dyes Blue 1, Red 3, Yellow 5 and Yellow 6 did not induce cell transformation. One to 1.5 mg of each dye was injected into suckling LVG or Graffi hamsters which were monitored for tumor induction and/or death over a 330-day period. None of the non-transforming dyes (Blue 1, Red 3, Yellow 5, Yellow 6) or Green 3 induced a significant increase in tumor (mostly lymphoma) incidence or animal mortality. Three of the transforming dyes (Blue 2, Green 2024, Red 4) did increase tumor incidence and/or mortality in at least one strain of hamster. We conclude the the in vitro assay suggested that certain food dyes were carcinogens and that in vivo studies in hamsters supported this interpretation.

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P

2010

Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains

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11. Zoller, H. F. Oxalyl chloride in the synthesis of the triphenylmethane dyes. Science 1920, 52, 207. 12. Schrijver, I. A.; Melief, M. J.; Van Meurs, M.; Companjen, A. R.; Laman, J. D. Pararosaniline fixation for detection of co-stimulatory molecules, cytokines, and specific antibody. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 2000, 48, 95-103. 13. Takarada, K.; Kouzuki, C.; Hyousa, Y.; Sakata, T.; Akai, Y. A method for classifying and counting leukocytes. Stockert, J. C.; Rashid-Doubell, F. Fluorescent cationic probes for nuclei of living cells: why are they selective? A quantitative structure-activity relations analysis. Histochem. Cell Biol. 2006, 126, 165-175. 15. Garner, D. M.; Todorovic, C.; Lee, W. E. Cytological stain composition for cytological analysis of cellular Meurers, B. H.; Talantov, D.; Yu, J. Methods for preservation of RNA in a biological samples for quantitation in immunostaining and other assays. Arce, S.; Morales, M.; Castillo, J. A.; Gracia, M. J. Histochemical differentiation of Dirofilaria immitis, Dirofilaria repens and Acanthocheilonema dracunculoides microfilariae by staining with a commercial kit, Leucognost-SP. Pan, T.; Sethi, J. Detecting and removing pathogenic misfolded proteins, such as prions, using conformational capture peptide probes and doublelabeled detection-amplification peptides. PCT Int.

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Chronic toxicity of ponceau SX to rats, mice, and dogs

Cited by 10 publications

References 3 publications

The influence of synthetic food additives and surfactants on the body weight of larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)

The influence of synthetic food additives and surfactants on the body weight of larvae of Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera, Tenebrionidae)

In vitro and in vivo indications of the carcinogenicity and toxicity of food dyes

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