Chronic Vagus Nerve Stimulation Increases the Latency of the Thalamocortical Somatosensory Evoked Potential

Naritoku, Dean K.; Morales, Augusto; Pencek, T.L.; Winkler, Diane

doi:10.1111/j.1540-8159.1992.tb02935.x

Cited by 154 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…So far, investigation of evoked potentials in humans undergoing VNS has not produced consistent results. Although a prolongation of the latency of the N 2 0 peaks of median nerve somatosensory evoked potentials has been reported (Naritoku et al, 1992), other studies failed to reproduce any alteration of somatosensory-, visual-, or auditory-evoked potentials (Hammond et al, 1992a,b). Nevertheless, the influence of VNS on brain activity has been shown by imaging studies using positron emission tomography, single photon emission computed tomography, or FMRI techniques Narayanan et al, 2002;Sucholeiki et al, 2002;Vonck et al, 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chemosensory Function in Patients With Vagal Nerve Stimulators

Kirchner¹,

Landis²,

Haslbeck³

et al. 2004

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology

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Chemosensory function is determined by the interplay of numerous sensory modalities. The present study aimed to evaluate the possible influence of electrical stimulation of the left-sided vagal nerve on gustatory and olfactory function in patients with vagal nerve stimulation (VNS). Gustation and olfaction were tested using psychophysical techniques; olfactory function was additionally evaluated using event-related potentials. A total of 11 subjects participated (six men and five women, aged 21 to 56 years). The vagal stimulator was run in "rapid cycle mode" in 10 patients, whereas one patient was treated with "normal mode" VNS. Subjects participated in two sessions, with the vagal stimulator switched on and off, respectively. The sequence of the two sessions was randomized across all participants. Using air-dilution, olfactometry event-related potentials to the specific olfactory stimulant H2S were recorded. Psychophysical tests were performed using the "Sniffin' Sticks" test kit, a test for retronasal olfactory function, and a gustatory test based on impregnated filter paper. The study yielded the following major results: (1) VNS produced a prolongation of P2 latencies of olfactory ERP, and (2) patients with therapeutic benefit from VNS in terms of seizure control had larger amplitudes during the on period than during the off period. In conclusion, using electrophysiological measures of olfactory function, the present study indicated a significant role of VNS in the processing of olfactory information.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Chemosensory Function in Patients With Vagal Nerve Stimulators

Kirchner¹,

Landis²,

Haslbeck³

et al. 2004

Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology

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“…Data pertaining to safety, tolerability, quality of life, and long-term efficacy are reported in subsequent articles (George et al, 1994;Ramsay et al, 1994). Preliminary results related to efficacy (George and Michael, 1991;Ramsay et al, 1991), safety , electrophysiologic aspects (Hammond et al, 1990;Martin et al, 1991;Naritoku et al, 1991;Hammond et al, 1992a,h), and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) changes (Ben-Menachem et a]., 1991) were reported previously.…”

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confidence: 86%

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Partial Seizures: 1. A Controlled Study of Effect on Seizures

et al. 1994

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Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was shown to reduce seizure frequency in refractory epilepsy patients in two pilot studies. Based on these results, a multicenter, prospectively randomized, parallel, double-blind study of patients with refractory partial seizures was initiated. After a 12-week baseline period, identical vagus nerve stimulators were implanted and patients randomized to either a high or low 14-week VNS treatment paradigm. The primary objective was to demonstrate that high VNS (therapeutic parameters) was more effective in reducing partial seizure frequency than was low VNS (less or noneffective parameters). Patients continued receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) with plasma concentrations held constant throughout the study. We report results of the first 67 patients to exit the 14-week acute phase. After 14 weeks of VNS, 31 patients receiving high VNS experienced a mean seizure frequency percentage reduction of 30.9%, which was statistically significant as compared with the mean seizure frequency percentage reduction of 11.3% in 36 patients receiving low VNS (p = 0.029, t test; p = 0.036, Wilcoxon rank-sum test). In addition to the significant intragroup p-values, mean seizure frequency percentage change reached statistical significance for high VNS (p < 0.001) but not low VNS (p = 0.072) as compared with baseline. Twelve of 31 (38.7%) patients receiving high VNS achieved at least 50% reduction in seizure frequency whereas 7 of 36 (19.4%) patients receiving low VNS experienced at least 50% reduction after 14 weeks. The implant procedure and VNS therapy were well tolerated. Our study confirmed the effectiveness of VNS as treatment for epilepsy patients with refractory partial seizures.

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“…Long‐term VNS had no effect on interictal EEG background or epileptiform activity and no effect on visual and auditory evoked potentials (7,8). One report showed an increase in N13–N20 interpeak interval with prolonged VNS (9).…”

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confidence: 97%

“…The precise mechanism of action of VNS is not entirely clear. Previous investigators have attempted to characterize the mechanism of action of VNS by using EEG and evoked potentials, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) neurochemistry, and functional imaging (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15). CSF studies have shown a significant increase in ␥-aminobutyric acid (GABA) after 3 to 4 months of VNS, but no significant decrease in glutamate, aspartate, or 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) levels after 3 and 9 months of VNS treatment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Cerebral Activation during Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Functional MR Study

Narayanan¹,

Watts

Haddad³

et al. 2002

Epilepsia

142

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Summary:Purpose: To study the short-term effects of vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) on brain activation and cerebral blood flow by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).Methods: Five patients (three women, two men; mean age, 35.4 years) who were treated for medically refractory epilepsy with VNS, underwent fMRI. All patients had a nonfocal brain MRI. The VNS was set at 30 Hz, 0.5-2.0 mA for intervals of activation of 30 s on and 30 s off, during which the fMRI was performed. Statistical parametric mapping (SPM) was used to determine significant areas of activation or inhibition during vagal nerve stimulation (p < 0.05).Results: VNS-induced activation was detected in the thalami bilaterally (left more than right), insular cortices bilaterally, ipsilateral basal ganglia and postcentral gyri, right posterior superior temporal gyrus, and inferomedial occipital gyri (left more than right). The most robust activation was seen in the thalami (left more than right) and insular cortices. Conclusions: VNS-induced thalamic and insular cortical activation during fMRI suggests that these areas may play a role in modulating cerebral cortical activity, and the observed decrease in seizure frequency in patients who are given VNS may be a consequence of this increased activation.

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Chronic Vagus Nerve Stimulation Increases the Latency of the Thalamocortical Somatosensory Evoked Potential

Cited by 154 publications

References 22 publications

Chemosensory Function in Patients With Vagal Nerve Stimulators

Chemosensory Function in Patients With Vagal Nerve Stimulators

Vagus Nerve Stimulation for Treatment of Partial Seizures: 1. A Controlled Study of Effect on Seizures

Cerebral Activation during Vagus Nerve Stimulation: A Functional MR Study

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