Cigarette smoking and 9/11-related posttraumatic stress disorder among World Trade Center Health Registry enrollees, 2003–12

Risk factors for and consequences of persistent lower respiratory symptoms among World Trade Center Health Registrants 10 years after the disaster

“…A smoking cessation programme has been available to Fire Department of New York rescue/recovery workers since 2002 38. Since 2008, the Registry has made multiple efforts to reach enrollees who have reported smoking cigarettes39 directing adults to sources of free nicotine patch replacement kits and brief counselling. Because individuals with PTSD are less likely to stop smoking without assistance,39 the Registry has targeted its activities towards this group, and since 2013, offered them referrals to a clinical trial smoking cessation programme aimed at adults with symptoms of PTSD 40.…”

“…Since 2008, the Registry has made multiple efforts to reach enrollees who have reported smoking cigarettes39 directing adults to sources of free nicotine patch replacement kits and brief counselling. Because individuals with PTSD are less likely to stop smoking without assistance,39 the Registry has targeted its activities towards this group, and since 2013, offered them referrals to a clinical trial smoking cessation programme aimed at adults with symptoms of PTSD 40. These data underscore the need for further efforts to reduce cigarette smoking in 9/11-exposed adults with LRS, especially those with comorbid mental health problems.…”

Hospitalizations for asthma among adults exposed to the September 11, 2001 World Trade Center terrorist attack

“…The PCL inquired the degree to which enrollees were bothered by PTSD symptoms in the preceding 30 days (1='not at all' to 5='extremely'). An enrollee missing one or more PCL items but whose score from the completed items could only be compatible with a total score of <44 or ࣙ44 was included in the appropriate PTSD category; otherwise, we considered an enrollee's PTSD status as missing [20].…”

Posttraumatic stress disorder and cigarette smoking: A systematic review

“…These studies have provided new information in those areas of need, including: (a) updated epidemiological surveys of PTSD-smoking comorbidity from nationally representative samples (Cougle, Zvolensky, Fitch, & Sachs-Ericsson, 2010;Forbes et al, 2015) and contextually distinct, trauma-exposed populations (e.g., veterans, World Trade Center survivors; Cook, Jakupcak, Rosenheck, Fontana, & McFall, 2009;Welch, Jasek, Caramanica, Chiles, & Johns, 2015); (b) research examining etiological risk factors (e.g., psychiatric history; Wilson et al, 2014) and moderators (e.g., smoking outcome expectancies; Langdon & Leventhal, 2014) that may advance the understanding of PTSD-smoking comorbidity; (c) research comparatively evaluating PTSD-smoking lapse and cessation with other comorbid conditions (e.g., panic; Marshall et al, 2008); (d) short-term, prospective, and longitudinal work targetting quit success among individuals with PTSD (Beckham, Calhoun, Dennis, Wilson, & Dedert, 2013;Zvolensky et al, 2008); and (e) several innovative pilot treatment studies (e.g., mobile contingency management [mCM]; Hertzberg et al, 2013) and four RCTs of specialized, integrated treatments for PTSD-smoking (e.g., Battaglia et al, 2016;Foa et al, 2017). These studies have provided new information in those areas of need, including: (a) updated epidemiological surveys of PTSD-smoking comorbidity from nationally representative samples (Cougle, Zvolensky, Fitch, & Sachs-Ericsson, 2010;Forbes et al, 2015) and contextually distinct, trauma-exposed populations (e.g., veterans, World Trade Center survivors; Cook, Jakupcak, Rosenheck, Fontana, & McFall, 2009;Welch, Jasek, Caramanica, Chiles, & Johns, 2015); (b) research examining etiological risk factors (e.g., psychiatric history; Wilson et al, 2014) and moderators (e.g., smoking outcome expectancies; Langdon & Leventhal, 2014) that may advance the understanding of PTSD-smoking comorbidity; (c) research comparatively evaluating PTSD-smoking lapse and cessation with other comorbid conditions (e.g., panic; Marshall et al, 2008); (d) short-term, prospective, and longitudinal work targetting quit success among individuals with PTSD (Beckham, Calhoun, Dennis, Wilson, & Dedert, 2013;Zv...…”

“…Facilitated by calls for research from government agencies and grant funding from the National Institute on Drug Abuse and National Cancer Institute (NCI), an extensive body of work conducted since the initial 2007 reviews has targeted these areas of need. These studies have provided new information in those areas of need, including: (a) updated epidemiological surveys of PTSD-smoking comorbidity from nationally representative samples (Cougle, Zvolensky, Fitch, & Sachs-Ericsson, 2010;Forbes et al, 2015) and contextually distinct, trauma-exposed populations (e.g., veterans, World Trade Center survivors; Cook, Jakupcak, Rosenheck, Fontana, & McFall, 2009;Welch, Jasek, Caramanica, Chiles, & Johns, 2015); (b) research examining etiological risk factors (e.g., psychiatric history; Wilson et al, 2014) and moderators (e.g., smoking outcome expectancies; Langdon & Leventhal, 2014) that may advance the understanding of PTSD-smoking comorbidity; (c) research comparatively evaluating PTSD-smoking lapse and cessation with other comorbid conditions (e.g., panic; Marshall et al, 2008); (d) short-term, prospective, and longitudinal work targetting quit success among individuals with PTSD (Beckham, Calhoun, Dennis, Wilson, & Dedert, 2013;Zvolensky et al, 2008); and (e) several innovative pilot treatment studies (e.g., mobile contingency management [mCM]; Hertzberg et al, 2013) and four RCTs of specialized, integrated treatments for PTSD-smoking (e.g., Battaglia et al, 2016;Foa et al, 2017).…”