Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Japanese Male Office Workers

Nakanishi, Noriyuki; Takatorige, Toshio; Suzuki, Kenji

doi:10.2486/indhealth.43.295

Cited by 89 publications

(87 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…26,[29][30][31] The inconsistency could be explained by the favorable effect that alcohol has on HDL-C, insulin sensitivity, and glucose tolerance [32][33][34][35] and its detrimental effect on hypertension and triglycerides. 36,37 Smoking has been linked to higher risk of metabolic syndrome in some 31,[38][39][40] but not all studies. 25,26 Smoking more than 20 cigarettes per day has been associated with higher risk of metabolic syndrome in European and Asian populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome According to Three Definitions in Middle-Aged Chinese Men

Villegas

Xiang

Yang

et al. 2009

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Background: The prevalence of metabolic syndrome has varied markedly between different studies because of the lack of internationally agreed-upon criteria to define the condition. We estimated the prevalence and lifestyle risk factors of metabolic syndrome according to three definitions of metabolic syndrome in urban Chinese men participating in the Shanghai Men's Health Study (SMHS). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 3988 middle-aged, urban Chinese men 40-74 years of age who were free of type 2 diabetes at baseline provided fasting blood samples, anthropometric measurements, and information on lifestyle factors and disease history. Results: The three definitions of metabolic syndrome used in this report are from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF), the U.S. Third Report of the National Cholesterol Education Program, Adult Treatment Panel (ATP III), and a modified version of the ATP III criteria for Asian populations (ATP III-modified criteria). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 18.63%, 18.36%, and 29.34% according to IDF, ATP III, and ATP III-modified criteria, respectively. Agreement between the IDF and ATP III criteria was moderate ( ϭ 0.43), whereas agreement between ATP III-modified and the IDF and ATP III criteria was good ( ϭ 0.71 and 0.70, respectively). Physical activity was associated with a lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, whereas drinking more than three drinks per day was associated with a higher risk of metabolic syndrome, regardless of the criteria employed. The association between smoking and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in this population failed to reach significance. Conclusions: Results from this representative sample of middle-aged, urban Chinese men show that metabolic syndrome is highly prevalent in this population. Our data support the hypothesis that physical activity decreases the risk of developing metabolic syndrome and that high alcohol consumption increases risk.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome According to Three Definitions in Middle-Aged Chinese Men

Villegas

Xiang

Yang

et al. 2009

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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“…The most effective way for smokers to decrease the risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease is to stop smoking [25] . However, Nakanishi et al [21] found that smoking cessation was also associated with a 1.3-fold risk of metabolic syndrome due to subsequent body weight gain. Wada et al [15] proposed that the effect of smoking on metabolic syndrome would remain over 20 years after smoking cessation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Smoking, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome 5335 www.wjgnet.com and enhances cardiovascular risk factors such as elevated plasma triglycerides (TG) [16][17][18][19] , decreased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [16,20] and hyperglycemia [11] . Furthermore, several studies show that smoking is associated with metabolic abnormalities and increases the risk of metabolic syndrome [21][22][23][24] . Nakanishi et al [21] reported that subjects who habitually smoked tobacco had a 1.07-to 1.66-fold risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared to subjects who did not smoke, and the quantity of tobacco smoked had a dose-dependent relationship with the severity of metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, several studies show that smoking is associated with metabolic abnormalities and increases the risk of metabolic syndrome [21][22][23][24] . Nakanishi et al [21] reported that subjects who habitually smoked tobacco had a 1.07-to 1.66-fold risk of developing metabolic syndrome compared to subjects who did not smoke, and the quantity of tobacco smoked had a dose-dependent relationship with the severity of metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Synergistic effect of fatty liver and smoking on metabolicsyndrome

Chiang¹,

Chang²,

Chen³

2009

WJG

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AIM:To investigate the association of fatty liver and smoking on metabolic syndrome and its components. METHODS:This cross-sectional study enrolled participants who attended annual health screening at Shin Kong Wu Ho-Su Memorial Hospital from January to December 2005. A total of 3455 (1981 men and 1474 women) subjects were included in final analyses. Fatty liver was diagnosed using abdominal ultrasonography by trained gastroenterologists. The modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel Ⅲ was used to define metabolic syndrome. The associations between smoking, fatty liver and metabolic syndrome were analyzed using multiple logistic regression. RESULTS:Subjects with fatty liver, and who smoked tobacco, had the highest odds ratios (ORs) for high waist circumference [OR, 4.5 (95% CI: 3.3-6.1), P < 0.05], hypertriglyceridemia [OR, 8.1 (95% CI: 6.0-10.9), P < 0.05], low serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) [OR, 8.3 (95% CI: 6.1-11.3), P < 0.05], and metabolic syndrome [OR, 9.5 (95% CI: 6.7-13.4), P < 0.05] compared to subjects without fatty liver who did not smoke tobacco. We also found that the ORs for hypertriglyceridemia, low serum HDL-C, and metabolic syndrome for subjects with fatty liver who smoked tobacco had greater than the sum of the ORs for subjects with fatty liver who did not smoke plus those who did not have fatty liver and who did smoke.CONCLUSION: Fatty liver and smoking had a synergistic effect on metabolic syndrome and its components, especially for hypertriglyceridemia and low serum HDL-C.

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“…However, no correlation was found between this variable with none of the other variables. Some studies have reported a correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and alteration in lipid profile or even on other risk factors associated with MS, such as abdominal obesity, increased blood pressure and increased fasting glucose 5,[28][29][30] . In the present study, this observation was not found.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

Rodrigues

Melquíades

Leite³

et al. 2013

J. bras. psiquiatr.

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Objective: To evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers in treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric parameters. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study with convenience sample. Adult smokers were assessed at the start of treatment in the Interdisciplinary Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention of the University Hospital of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora (CIPIT/HU-UFJF). We evaluated the body mass index (BMI), conicity index (CI); waist circumference (WC), percentage of body fat (%BF), fasting glycemia, cortisol, insulin, total cholesterol (TC), LDL-c, HDL-c, triglycerides (TG) and metabolic syndrome (MS). Original article Rodrigues GRS et al. colesterol LDL-c, HDL-c, triglicéridos (TG) e síndrome metabólica (SM). resultados: A maioria dos participantes possuía SM e alto risco cardiovascular. A glicemia de jejum estava alterada em 30,4%. Houve correlação positiva significativa entre IMC e CC (r = 0,90; p = 0,0001), %GC (r = 0,79; p = 0,0001), IC (r = 0,65; p = 0,0001), glicemia (r = 0,42; p = 0,04) e TG (r = 0,47; p = 0,002). O IC também apresentou correlação positiva com insulina (r = 0,6; p = 0,001), glicemia (r = 0,55; p = 0,007), TG (r = 0,54; p = 0,008) e %GC (r = 0,43; p = 0,004). Pacientes com maior tempo de tabagismo tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM (O = 9,6; p = 0,016). conclusão: Os fumantes avaliados tiveram maior risco de desenvolver SM, especialmente aqueles que fumavam por mais tempo, requerendo urgência para a cessação tabágica.cortisol 12,13 . In addition, chronic smokers are at increased risk for developing insulin resistance and inadequate compensatory response of insulin secretion, which promotes the association of smoking with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus 14 .Evaluation of endocrine-metabolic changes that promote tobacco use, can aid understanding of factors involved in the changes of body weight and the development of chronic diseases associated with smoking. This article aims to evaluate the biochemical and nutritional status of smokers at the start of treatment for smoking cessation and its association with anthropometric indices.

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Cigarette Smoking and the Risk of the Metabolic Syndrome in Middle-Aged Japanese Male Office Workers

Cited by 89 publications

References 38 publications

Prevalence and Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome According to Three Definitions in Middle-Aged Chinese Men

Prevalence and Determinants of Metabolic Syndrome According to Three Definitions in Middle-Aged Chinese Men

Synergistic effect of fatty liver and smoking on metabolicsyndrome

Hormonal, metabolic and nutritional alterations in smokers: emergency for smoking abstinence

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