Citrus stem rot disease (Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl) problem and their control strategy in Indonesia

Abstract

Citrus stem rot disease caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl is a serious disease in citrus orchards in Indonesia. The geographical distribution of these diseases is very broad, almost found in all citrus centers of more than 22 provinces, districts, and cities. Plants of more than 10 years with less intensive maintenance often seriously affected. Alertness and control must be more intensive in productive plants aged more than 5 years old. The disease epidemic problem occurs because of the presence of sensitive citrus varieties, poorly maintained plants, the source of inoculum throughout the year, wide range of host plants, and contamination of agricultural equipment. Sensitive plants in citrus genus including pummelo, orange, tangerine, lime, and lemon. The control strategy is formulated by considering the effectiveness, logical and environmentally friendly to support the development of citrus areas in 24 main citrus centers in Indonesia. Stem rot control strategies include: (1) monitoring of disease incidents in the field, presence of inoculum sources in citrus plants and other hosts, (2) maintaining the cleanliness of the field, sanitation by pruning the branches, (3) optimum maintenance, (4) disinfecting agricultural tools (pruning shears, grafting knives, machetes, saws) with 70% alcohol, (5) Weaning of stems with sulfur lime 2 times a year, (6) Biological control (Trichoderma harzianum, T. asperellum, T. viride, Bacillus subtilis, Gliocladium sp) and or botanical control using cashew nut shell waste (Anacardium occidentale L.), red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum).

Survey of diseases affecting tropical fruit trees in Central Panay Island, Philippines

“…The durian was infected by canker (5.0%) and stem rust (5.0%), while the same diseases, including dieback, also affect a few of the pomelo trees. As revealed in the study [11] citrus stem rot is a serious disease in citrus orchards in Indonesia.…”

Analysis of stem rot disease severity on Pomelo (Citrus maxima) plantation in Pangkep Regency, South Sulawesi

“…Observation of the symptoms of pathogen attack was carried out on Pomelo citrus plants with attack symptoms that could be found on the stems and branches by determining the number of scores that correspond to the symptoms found in Pomelo citrus using a scoring system [7].…”

Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Patogenitas Mikroorganisme Penyebab Nekrosis pada Buah Jeruk Siam (Citrus nobilis Lour.)

“…Nekrosis biasanya menyerang spefisik area, seperti daun, buah, dan batang. Penyakit ini dikaitkan dengan microorganisme (bakteri dan jamur), parasit, dan virus yang ditransmisi oleh serangga pada tumbuhan (Dwiastuti and Aji, 2021;Ezrari et al, 2021). Penyakit ini perlu dikendalikan agar tidak menyerang buah jeruk dan menurunkan produksinya.…”