Classification and quantification of reserve requirements for balancing

Sizing and allocation of frequency restoration reserves for LFC Block cooperation

“…In de Haan et al [17], the authors applied HHT to analyze power imbalances caused by predictability and variability of wind and solar power to determine energy capacity requirements per imbalance cause and allocate accordingly fast or slow-response reserves. The use of HHT shown in de Haan et al [17] resulted in similar results as published in Frunt & Kling [18], i.e. that wind power mainly requires slower reserves for balancing.…”

Predictable and Unpredictable Climate Variability Impacts on Optimal Renewable Energy Mixes: The Example of Spain

“…This means that the system could be dimensioned to handle not only the astronomical cycles but also to cope with the variability of the wind production. This implies having enough reserves [52] and efficient balancing and intra-day markets, possibly thanks to long-term capacity markets to encourage investment in balancing capacities. Once these long-term investments are made and that the system is prepared to cope with variability, short-term prediction models (day-ahead, intraday) are needed to be able to use these mechanisms as efficiently as possible when the time comes.…”

The integrated framework for analysis of electricity supply chain using an integrated SWOT-fuzzy TOPSIS methodology combined with AHP: The case of Turkey

“…Müller and Rammerstorfer [80] provided a literature review of supply and demand balancing including design of auction mechanisms. Frunt et al [81] discussed primary, secondary and tertiary control mechanisms. Primary control is supply and demand balancing within a very short-time period where all control areas are balanced by using reserve capacities.…”

“…In secondary control, only the areas that cause the imbalance will be balanced. Tertiary control is used when reserve capacities are needed permanently [81].…”