Classification of Insecticides

Matsumura, Fumio

doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-4410-0_3

Cited by 10 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…The lethal dose and the penultimate dose to the lethal dose would indicate the value of the LD 50 . 21 , 22 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The lethal dose and the penultimate dose to the lethal dose would indicate the value of the LD 50 . 21,22 In vivo antiplasmodial determination Swiss albino mice (weight: 18-25 g), obtained from the Animal House, Department of Pharmacology, University of Ibadan, kept according to Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC) standards, were allowed to acclimatize to the new environment for a week before study initiation. Each mouse was inoculated with 0.2 mL of infected blood containing about 1 × 10 7 dose of P berghei berghei (about 16.6%) from a donor mouse.…”

Section: Acute Toxicity Test (Assessment Of Minimum Lethal Dose)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethanol Extract of Blighia sapida Stem Bark Show Remarkable Prophylactic Activity in Experimental Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

Otegbade

Ojo

Adefokun

et al. 2017

Drug Target Insights

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This work explores the antiplasmodial potential of ethanol extract of Blighia sapida (Lin. Sapindaceae) in chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plasmodium berghei (ANKA strain)–infected mice. Chloroquine-resistant (ANKA) strain of P berghei was inoculated intraperitoneally into Swiss albino mice. Mice were treated orally for 4 consecutive days, before and after inoculation (prophylactic, suppressive, and curative models) with graded doses of the plant extracts with Artemether-Lumefantrine (Coartem) as control. Prophylactically, the extract showed a remarkable activity in the chemosuppression of P berghei parasites (P < .01) ranging from 57% to 36.5% at doses of 200 to 800 mg/kg, respectively, whereas Coartem (10 mg/kg) produced 62.1% chemosuppression. No significant chemosuppression was observed in the curative and suppressive models. The plant extract appeared to be safe at the highest dose tested (5000 mg/kg) for acute toxicity, with no adverse effect on the different organs. The plant extract possesses prophylactic antimalarial activity, which supports its use in the prevention of malaria.

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“…The lethal dose and the penultimate dose to the lethal dose would indicate the value of the LD 50 . 21 , 22 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Acute Toxicity Test (Assessment Of Minimum Lethal Dose)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethanol Extract of Blighia sapida Stem Bark Show Remarkable Prophylactic Activity in Experimental Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

Otegbade

Ojo

Adefokun

et al. 2017

Drug Target Insights

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“…The oxidation reaction is an important reaction of organochlorine degradation in higher organisms but is less common during microbial degradation. Probably this is because of lack of the mixed-function oxidase system in microorganisms [95]. The degrada-tion of gamma-HCH in Pseudomonas putida through the process of oxidation was reported by Benezet and Matsumura [78].…”

Section: Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 97%

Genetic manipulations of microorganisms for the degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane

et al. 1996

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Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) is an organochlorine insecticide which has been banned in technologically advanced countries. However, it is still in use in tropical countries for mosquito control and thus new areas continue to be contaminated. Anaerobic degradation of HCH isomers have been well documented but until recently there have been only a few reports on aerobic microbial degradation of HCH isomers. The isolation of these microbes made it possible to design experiments for the cloning of the catabolic genes responsible for degradation. We review the microbial degradation of HCH isomers coupled with the genetic manipulations of the catabolic genes. The first part discusses the persistence of residues in the environment and microbial degradation while the second part gives an account of the genetic manipulations of catabolic genes involved in the degradation.

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“…Resistance to OP insecticides has been linked to metabolic resistance via the increased activity of detoxifying enzymes and/or acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insensitivity [ 6 , 11 ]. Carbamate and OP insecticides are structural analogs of acetylcholine, and they can inactivate the insect AChE enzyme, leading to an excess of acetylcholine at cholinergic synapses, eventually causing paralysis and death of insects [ 12 , 13 ]. To overcome the sensitivity of AChE to OP and carbamate insecticides, house flies develop resistance by creating mutations in the acetylcholinesterase ( Ace ) gene that produces AChE insensitivity to insecticides [ 6 , 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single and Combined Mutations of Acetylcholinesterase Gene Giving Resistance to Pirimiphos-Methyl in Musca domestica Slaughterhouse Populations

Alzabib

Al‐Sarar

Abobakr

et al. 2023

Insects

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The house fly Musca domestica L. (Diptera: Muscidae) is a worldwide medical and veterinary pest, causing great economic losses. Organophosphate insecticides have been widely used to control house fly populations. The main objectives of the present study were to evaluate the resistance levels of M. domestica slaughterhouse populations, collected from Riyadh, Jeddah, and Taif, against the organophosphate insecticide pirimiphos-methyl and investigate the genetic mutations of the Ace gene associated with pirimiphos-methyl resistance. The obtained data showed that there were significant differences among pirimiphos-methyl LC50 values of the studied populations, where the highest LC50 was recorded for the Riyadh population (8.44 mM), followed by Jeddah and Taif populations (2.45 mM and 1.63 mM, respectively). Seven nonsynonymous SNPs were detected in the studied house flies. The Ile239Val and Glu243Lys mutations are reported for the first time, whereas Val260Leu, Ala316Ser, Gly342Ala, Gly342Val, and Phe407Tyr were previously reported in M. domestica field populations from other countries. Considering three mutations associated with insecticide resistance, at amino acid positions 260, 342, and 407 of acetylcholinesterase polypeptide, 17 combinations were recovered in this study. Three out of these seventeen combinations were frequently found both worldwide and in the three Saudi house fly field populations, as well as their pirimiphos-methyl-surviving flies. Overall, the single and combined Ace mutations are apparently associated with pirimiphos-methyl resistance, and the obtained data can be useful in managing house fly field populations in Saudi Arabia.

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Classification of Insecticides

Cited by 10 publications

References 35 publications

Ethanol Extract of Blighia sapida Stem Bark Show Remarkable Prophylactic Activity in Experimental Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

Ethanol Extract of Blighia sapida Stem Bark Show Remarkable Prophylactic Activity in Experimental Plasmodium berghei–Infected Mice

Genetic manipulations of microorganisms for the degradation of hexachlorocyclohexane

Single and Combined Mutations of Acetylcholinesterase Gene Giving Resistance to Pirimiphos-Methyl in Musca domestica Slaughterhouse Populations

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