Classification of the ground states and topological defects in a rotating two-component Bose-Einstein condensate

Abstract

We classify the ground states and topological defects of a rotating two-component condensate when varying several parameters: the intracomponent coupling strengths, the intercomponent coupling strength and the particle numbers. No restriction is placed on the masses or trapping frequencies of the individual components. We present numerical phase diagrams which show the boundaries between the regions of coexistence, spatial separation and symmetry breaking. Defects such as triangular coreless vortex lattices, square coreless vortex lattices and giant skyrmions are classified. Various aspects of the phase diagrams are analytically justified thanks to a non-linear σ-model that describes the condensate in terms of the total density and a pseudo-spin representation.

Rabi-coupled two-component Bose-Einstein condensates: Classification of the ground states, defects, and energy estimates

“…General details of this formalism can be found elsewhere (see [14] for example). We write the energy in terms of the total density ρ,…”

“…Theoretically and numerically, there have been many studies of the ground-state properties of two-component condensates [10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. We see that, for instance, as in single component condensates, rotation induces vortices: these vortices can nucleate in either or both components and their interactions lead to the formation of vortex lattices and vortex molecules.…”

Vortex trimer in three-component Bose-Einstein condensates

“…One of the most important consequences of superfluidity is the existence of vortices. Vortices in multicomponent BEC's have been realized experimentally [8,9], and structures of those vortices are much richer than those of single components [10][11][12].…”

Stability and internal structure of vortices in spin-1 Bose-Einstein condensates with conserved magnetization

“…[13] and references therein), describing, in particular, singular and nonsingular vortices and textures , as well as monopoles [35][36][37][38][39] and defect structures that cross a topological interface [40,41]. Complex topological textures are also possible in two-component (pseudospin- 1 2 ) BECs [42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52].…”