Climate alteration A global issue for the electric power industry in the 21st century

An interval mixed-integer non-linear programming model to support regional electric power systems planning with CO2 capture and storage under uncertainty

“…In fact, such a planning decision is considerably complicated as it is not only involving a large number of social, economic, political and technical factors and their interactions, but also coupled with complex temporal and spatial variabilities (Lin and Huang 2009b). Moreover, global climate change induced by the emission of greenhouse gas (GHG) may pose challenges to the fundamental structure of electric power systems (Hidy and Spencer 1994;Wise et al 2007); meanwhile, the vulnerability of energy sources, in particular of renewable sources, raises the need to identify sustainable adaptation measures (Merrill and Wood 1991;de Lucena et al 2010). Therefore, effective planning for electric power system under various uncertainties and dynamic complexities is much desired.…”

Separation and Capture of CO2from Large Stationary Sources and Sequestration in Geological Formations

“…3,5,6 These estimates show that the principal growth will come from the industrialization of the developing world as contrasted with the developed wrld. If the projected global growth rates are anywhere near "reality," policy-makers can expect to deal with annual anthropogenic emissions in the range of 10 -20 GtC or more by the mid-21st century.…”

“…Costs range from savings relative to current use to more than $100/tC removed. 6 If the developing countries are considered, little can be achieved in terms of EUEI, but the generation options are similar to the developed world case. The data available in the mid-1990s suggested that the developing world could achieve approximately 7 Gt/ year removal at mid-century, at costs ranging from $900/tC (EUEI) to approximately $100/tC removed for new-generation technologies, including fossil fuel burning, nuclear, and renewable energy sources.…”

“…If the projected global growth rates are anywhere near "reality," policy-makers can expect to deal with annual anthropogenic emissions in the range of 10 -20 GtC or more by the mid-21st century. 6 This points to the very large amount of CO 2 entering the atmosphere that will need to be at least partially removed and sequestered. A single 1000-MW coal fired plant will generate approximately 1000 tons of CO 2 per hour.…”

“…It is complemented by at least three other reports that survey similar or additional options. 3,5,6 Although the Review provides reasonable information about the strengths and weaknesses of different separation and sequestration technologies, it does not provide sufficient detail on cost data to provide for analysis of the different options. This aspect of all of the technology alternatives is key to their application and needs to be elaborated on in future surveys.…”