Climate change creates nutritional phenological mismatches

Twining, Cornelia W.; Shipley, J. Ryan; Matthews, Blake

doi:10.1016/j.tree.2022.06.009

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…4a). The disappearance of such a relationship under warming can be explained by the phenological mismatches-induced disruption of energy and nutrient fluxes, as well as trophic interactions of organisms [37][38][39] .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental warming causes mismatches in alpine plant-microbe-fauna phenology

et al. 2023

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Long-term observations have shown that many plants and aboveground animals have changed their phenology patterns due to warmer temperatures over the past decades. However, empirical evidence for phenological shifts in alpine organisms, particularly belowground organisms, is scarce. Here, we investigate how the activities and phenology of plants, soil microbes, and soil fauna will respond to warming in an alpine meadow on the Tibetan Plateau, and whether their potential phenological changes will be synchronized. We experimentally simulate an increase in soil temperature by 2–4 °C according to future projections for this region. We find that warming promotes plant growth, soil microbial respiration, and soil fauna feeding by 8%, 57%, and 20%, respectively, but causes dissimilar changes in their phenology during the growing season. Specifically, warming advances soil faunal feeding activity in spring and delays it in autumn, while their peak activity does not change; whereas warming increases the peak activity of plant growth and soil microbial respiration but with only minor shifts in their phenology. Such phenological asynchrony in alpine organisms may alter ecosystem functioning and stability.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental warming causes mismatches in alpine plant-microbe-fauna phenology

et al. 2023

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“…Differences may not be surprising in this comparison, particularly because our measures exclusively characterize aerial insectivores, whereas the other study focused on measures from all nocturnal migrant species (likely hundreds of species). Give that we showed more rapid advancements, using similar technology, it may suggest that aerial insectivores display greater sensitivity to changes in aerial insect prey composition under climate change (Clark & Hobson, 2022 ; Twining et al, 2018 , 2022 ). In addition, using citizen science data (i.e., eBird), Youngflesh et al ( 2021 ) found that Tree Swallows, Barn Swallows, and Cliff Swallows arrived earlier in spring during periods with earlier vegetation green‐up, with the first two species having non‐zero overlapping 95% credible intervals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying long‐term phenological patterns of aerial insectivores roosting in the Great Lakes region using weather surveillance radar

Deng

Belotti

Zhao

et al. 2022

Global Change Biology

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Organisms have been shifting their timing of life history events (phenology) in response to changes in the emergence of resources induced by climate change. Yet understanding these patterns at large scales and across long time series is often challenging. Here we used the US weather surveillance radar network to collect data on the timing of communal swallow and martin roosts and evaluate the scale of phenological shifts and its potential association with temperature. The discrete morning departures of these aggregated aerial insectivores from ground-based roosting locations are detected by radars around sunrise. For the first time, we applied a machine learning algorithm to automatically detect and track these largescale behaviors. We used 21 years of data from 12 weather surveillance radar stations in the Great Lakes region to quantify the phenology in roosting behavior of aerial insectivores at three spatial levels: local roost cluster, radar station, and across the Great Lakes region. We show that their peak roosting activity timing has advanced by 2.26 days per decade at the regional scale. Similar signals of advancement were found at the station scale, but not at the local roost cluster scale. Air temperature trends in the Great Lakes region during the active roosting period were predictive of later stages of roosting phenology trends (75% and 90% passage dates). Our study represents one of the longest-term broad-scale phenology examinations of avian aerial insectivore species responding to environmental change and provides a stepping stone for examining potential phenological mismatches across trophic levels at broad spatial scales.

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“…In Japan, the contribution of aquatic subsidies to the annual energy budget of forest birds vastly differed among species (Nakano and Murakami, 2001). As aquatic insects emerge earlier than terrestrial insects, diet is also influenced by the timing of a species breeding season (Nakano and Murakami, 2001;Shipley et al, 2022;Twining et al, 2022). Our previous work has shown that prey quality also varies across the landscape and habitat can be a strong factor in determining diet composition (Génier et al, 2021).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over a 25-year study period, Shipley et al (2022) also found that insect emergence had advanced and in shorter pulses, outpacing the egg laying phenology of many aerial insectivore species. During energetically demanding life stages such as early development, nestlings can be particularly sensitive to phenological mismatches (Twining et al, 2022). Unable to acquire the necessary omega-3 FAs, aerial insectivores can be vulnerable to such changes in the nutritional landscape and aquatic insect population declines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining bulk stable H isotope (δ2H) measurements with fatty acid profiles to examine differential use of aquatic vs. terrestrial prey by three sympatric species of aerial insectivorous birds

2022

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Aerial insectivorous songbirds such as swallows and martins have declined substantially in North America in recent decades. Aquatic-emergent insects provide more beneficial omega-3 fatty acids than terrestrial insects, and thus, diet quality is expected to vary among aerial insectivores with differential access to aquatic-emergent insects. We compared the stable hydrogen isotope (δ2H) values of feathers and bulk blood plasma fatty acids of nestling purple martins (Progne subis), tree swallows (Tachycineta bicolor), and barn swallows (Hirundo rustica), at lakeshore and inland sites near Lake Erie, Ontario, Canada. We found that diet quality differed between inland and lakeshore nesting habitats, but differences depended on species. Overall, purple martin and tree swallow nestlings had lower feather δ2H values, indicating a more aquatic-emergent diet, and lakeshore populations of both species had higher omega-3 fatty acid levels in their blood plasma compared to inland populations. Conversely, higher plasma levels of omega-6 fatty acids were found in inland birds. Tree swallows have a low omega-3 conversion efficiency from precursor substrates and so depend on aquatic subsidies to fulfill their nutritional needs. We suggest this may also be the case with purple martins. Barn swallows had the most positive feather δ2H values, regardless of proximity to the lakeshore, indicating a more terrestrial diet. However, barn swallow nestlings had consistently higher plasma omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) regardless of nesting location, suggesting that barn swallows can efficiently convert omega-3 precursors into their beneficial elongated fatty acid chains. Our study indicates the benefit of combining plasma fatty acid compositional analyses with bulk feather δ2H values to decipher interspecific differences in adaptations to availability of aquatic-emergent insects.

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Climate change creates nutritional phenological mismatches

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

Experimental warming causes mismatches in alpine plant-microbe-fauna phenology

Experimental warming causes mismatches in alpine plant-microbe-fauna phenology

Quantifying long‐term phenological patterns of aerial insectivores roosting in the Great Lakes region using weather surveillance radar

Combining bulk stable H isotope (δ2H) measurements with fatty acid profiles to examine differential use of aquatic vs. terrestrial prey by three sympatric species of aerial insectivorous birds

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