Climate change impacts on phenology and yield of hazelnut in Australia

Climatic Suitability of Different Areas in Abruzzo, Central Italy, for the Cultivation of Hazelnut

“…Moreover, it has been reported that global warming [37] and minimum daily temperatures over the last 50 years have increased at a greater rate than maximum daily temperatures. Therefore, the amount of winter chilling at locations of the Abruzzo Region might be significantly affected in the future, as already observed by Črepinšek [10] in Northeastern Slovenia and by Jha [3] in Australia. This is a critical point because, as Mehlenbacher [14] reported, the chilling requirement of vegetative buds is a major factor in selecting areas suitable for hazelnut cultivation.…”

“…Hence, the identification of the new areas suitable for hazelnut farming should be based also on the projected trends of the impacts of thermal and precipitation regimes [6]. The effects of the temperature and rainfall are among the climatic parameters having a distinctive role in the cultivation conditions of hazelnut, as reported by several authors [3][4][5][10][11][12][13][14]. Moreover, an increase in the number of days with a maximum temperature higher than 35 • C and relative humidity lower than 70% has been reported to cause severe water and heat stresses, leading to yield decline and shortened vegetative growth, Horticulturae 2022, 8, 580 2 of 16 combined with a reduction in kernel filling [4,15,16].…”

“…Besides the type and technical and cultural factors, hazelnut growing is also related to environmental and, particularly, to climatic conditions [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Studies, however, are limited to a few locations and refer to current climatic conditions, despite the long-term nature of the investment connected to cultivation (around 10 years after planting before full production) [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Hence, the identification of the new areas suitable for hazelnut farming should be based also on the projected trends of the impacts of thermal and precipitation regimes [6].…”

Temperate Fruit Trees under Climate Change: Challenges for Dormancy and Chilling Requirements in Warm Winter Regions

“…Extensive research in tree phenology has demonstrated that the increase in temperature and atmospheric CO 2 levels ultimately influences the number of chill hours required for dormancy breaking and the yield and fruit quality of temperate fruit crops [10,[29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43] (examples are given in Tables 1 and 2). Several studies have evaluated the productivity of temperate fruit crops with the current status of global climate change [4,33,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. These studies addressed the various challenges that impact temperate fruit production [4].…”

“…The projected impacts of climate change on frost effect for some temperate-zone-grown crops such as almond, avocado, and orange were also studied through evaluating plant requirements of energy and water to mitigate frost damage [50]. Climate change impacts on yield and phenology of hazelnut trees in the maritime climate of Australia were also discussed [51]. The impact of climate on plant phenology as a decisive factor in defining the geographical range of fruit crops was evaluated for peach to create an ecological thermal niche map [52].…”