Climate Migration and Urban Planning System: A Study of Bangladesh

Ahsan, Reazul; Karuppannan, Sadasivam; Kellett, Jon

doi:10.1089/env.2011.0005

Cited by 41 publications

(26 citation statements)

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“…Being the third largest city in Bangladesh and an administrative seat of Khulna District and Khulna Division, Khulna city has attracted migrants from coastal areas further south. However, unlike the majority of Khulna migrants who move to urban slums in the city (Ahsan et al, ), our study participants settle in the peri‐urban fringes comprised primarily of agricultural lands. These urbanising fringes create possibilities for migrants to pursue livelihoods that draw on their agricultural knowledge and skills.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photo‐response: Approaching participatory photography as a more‐than‐human research method

Alam

McGregor

Houston

2017

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There is growing interest in "more-than-human" influences on places and practices. However, while the theoretical thinking in this field is well developed, methodology and methods lag behind. Borrowing insights from feminist geographers' articulation of "response", we explore how participatory photography can be used to examine more-than-human processes through a case study of marginal homemaking in Khulna city in Bangladesh. Our photo-response method focuses on performances of seeing, telling and being together to enhance the co-production of "knowledges". We conclude that analysing three stages of "response" within participatory photography provides new insights for conducting research in, with and as more-than-human worlds. K E Y W O R D SBangladesh, home, more-than-human, participatory photography, photo-response, visual method | INTRODUCTIONThere is growing interdisciplinary interest in "more-than-human" scholarship, recognising the contribution of non-human agencies in shaping places and practices (Bawaka Country et al., 2013, 2015. However, while theoretical thinking in this field is well developed, methodology and methods lag behind (Lorimer, 2010, p. 238). In order to better appreciate morethan-human lived interactions, there is an urgency "to supplement the familiar . . . humanist methods that rely on generating talk and text with experimental practices" (Whatmore, 2006, p. 607). Donna Haraway (1988) is one of the earliest proponents calling for a mode of response that helps "situate" the human knower in relation to more-than-human "others". Situated response can "amplify other sensory, bodily and affective registers" (Whatmore, 2006, p. 606) in attending to what is in excess of human and highlight the agencies of those "left outs" that co-constitute places and practices (Whatmore, 2002, p. 126).In this paper, we take up this challenge of situating response to explore the "more-than-human" theme in geographic research using visual methods. Feminist scholars have long been exploring how images can disrupt the dominant (often masculine) gaze and take part in the discursive production of geographical knowledge (Rose, 1996). Images allow for those being researched to explore and express emotional responses to and contemplations of the immediate environment, expanding the scope of exploration. Participatory photography is recognised as a particularly useful visual method for engaging marginalised communities with a means "to present their place and view of the world" (Lombard, 2013, p. 23). Borrowing insights from feminist and cultural geographers' notion of "response" (Bawaka Country et al., 2013;Haraway, 1988Haraway, , 2003, we explore the opportunities of participatory photography for witnessing and evoking human-nature interactions in a marginalised setting in Bangladesh. We use the term "photo-response" to describe the method developed to focus on the more-than-human dimensions of home and homemaking practices. We propose three moments of response: response to the camera; response to the images caught...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Photo‐response: Approaching participatory photography as a more‐than‐human research method

Alam

McGregor

Houston

2017

Area

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“…In addition, Pouliotte et al 2011observed that climate impacts like water stagnancy and saline water intrusion are altering the land and resource qualities in Bangladesh, resulting in a dynamic change in rural land use practices. Most rural communities who have historically depended on agricultural land use for their livelihoods are now diversifying their livelihood practices to reduce risks (Ahsan et al, 2011;Kartiki, 2011). As a consequence, a widespread shift in land use practices, increased rural-urban migration and employment in non-natural resource dependent livelihood activities is occurring (Pouliotte et al, 2011;Hassani-Mahmooei and Parris, 2012;Etzold et al, 2013).…”

Section: Vulnerability Of Land Use-based Rural Livelihoods In Bangladeshmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Does Autonomous Adaptation to Climate Change Have to Teach Public Policy and Planning About Avoiding the Risks of Maladaptation in Bangladesh?

Rahman

Hickey

2019

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Climate vulnerability represents a highly complex public policy challenge for government due to its interaction with diverse social, political, economic, and ecological factors across scale. The policy challenge is further exacerbated when rural livelihood opportunities depend on multiple land use practices within shared social-ecological systems and adaptation actions related to one practice affects the others. In such cases, it becomes likely that national and regional-level adaptation plans will result in maladaptive trajectories if local context and properties are not carefully considered. This review highlights the importance of this issue to public policy using the case of climate change adaptation planning in Bangladesh to highlight how national and regional-level planned adaptation processes could benefit from paying closer attention to the autonomous adaptation processes occurring at local levels. Focussing on the northeastern floodplain region, an area dominated by wetland ecosystems, high climate vulnerability, and diverse and complex land use practices, we examine some of the community-level adaptation actions that are being undertaken in response to climate change and contrast these with national-level adaptation planning strategies and actions. We then analyze how the planned adaptation actions taken by government may actually end up being maladaptive, either by shifting or rebounding vulnerability. We conclude that government adaptation planning would benefit from a greater focus on learning and scrutinizing the autonomous adaptation of communities to climate stress before making significant resource allocation decisions.

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“…The city of Dhaka is the foremost recipient of environmental migrants, and migration more generally, from rural Bangladesh (Ahsan et al ). The city's population grew by 46% between 2001 and 2011, and is most recently estimated at somewhere between 14 million and 16.8 million (Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics ; UN DESA ).…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental influences on skilled worker migration from Bangladesh to Canada

McLeman

Moniruzzaman

Akter³

2017

Canadian Geographies / Géographies canadiennes

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Environmental hazards that are important drivers of migration within Bangladesh appear to have little or no influence on current Bangladeshi migration to Canada.Air and water pollution, sanitation problems, lack of green space, and food adulteration are considerations for many professionals migrating from Dhaka to Toronto.Urban environmental problems interact with economic, political, and social factors to influence household migration decisions, to varying degrees.We conducted focus groups in Toronto with 44 recent skilled worker immigrants from Bangladesh to explore whether their decisions to migrate to Canada may have been influenced by environmental problems. Previous research has documented how floods, cyclones, droughts, and seasonal precipitation variations affect ruralurban migration patterns within Bangladesh, and to its neighbours. Most participants had not experienced such environmental hazards, having lived in Dhaka prior to migrating. However, Dhaka's ongoing problems with air and water pollution, sanitation, lack of green space, and food adulteration were cited by 70% as being relevant considerations for the decision to migrate. The degree of influence varied considerably among participants. Roughly 16% said pollution was their primary motivation for leaving, household members having suffered from illnesses traceable to air pollution or poor sanitation. Another 54% stated that Dhaka's environmental problems were part of a wider range of quality-of-life concerns that had some influence on their decision. The findings suggest that current migration to Canada is not connected with environmental migration that takes place within Bangladesh, but that urban environmental problems combined with other social, economic, and political factors can help drive migration.

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Climate Migration and Urban Planning System: A Study of Bangladesh

Cited by 41 publications

References 1 publication

Photo‐response: Approaching participatory photography as a more‐than‐human research method

Photo‐response: Approaching participatory photography as a more‐than‐human research method

What Does Autonomous Adaptation to Climate Change Have to Teach Public Policy and Planning About Avoiding the Risks of Maladaptation in Bangladesh?

Environmental influences on skilled worker migration from Bangladesh to Canada

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