Climatic and regional antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in South African dairy herds

Karzis, Joanne; Petzer, Inge-Marié; Donkin, Edward Francis; Naidoo, Vinny; Etter, Éric

doi:10.4102/ojvr.v86i1.1674

Cited by 10 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…isolates, with respective resistances to penicillin (56.7%), oxacillin (46.7%) and erythromycin (26.7%). [12] evaluating the patterns of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus in dairy herds in South Africa, observed a higher prevalence of resistance to penicillin G and ampicillin, probably due to the fact that these antibiotics of the beta-lactam class are the most used as intramammary remedies in that country. Although a high level of clindamycin-resistant isolates has been observed, few studies have reported this resistance.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Sewage in Manaus, Amazonas

Nogueira

Andrade

Magalhães

et al. 2021

EJMED

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Staphylococcus spp. have become important human pathogens in recent decades due to the selection of resistant bacteria and the spread of their resistance genes in the environment. This study aimed to evaluate the resistance of Staphylococcus spp. obtained from sewage in the city of Manaus, Amazonas state, Brazil. The isolates were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer method for ampicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, gentamicin, oxacillin, cefoxitin, linezolid, penicillin, rifampicin, sulfazotrim, tetracycline and vancomycin. Among the strains isolated from sewage, the greatest resistance was observed for penicillin and oxacillin, with 100% of isolates resistant to these antibiotics. Some antibiotics had resistant and sensitive strains (ampicillin, clindamycin, erythromycin, cefoxitin, azithromycin). Staphylococcus spp. were identified as sensitive to ciprofloxacin chloramphenicol gentamicin linezolid sulfazotrim tetracycline, vancomycin, with no strain resistant to these antibiotics.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Sewage in Manaus, Amazonas

Nogueira

Andrade

Magalhães

et al. 2021

EJMED

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“…This could be attributable to the SCC being more of an indicator of irritation and severity of the infection rather than an indicator of antibiotic resistance of the organism. The study on maltose-positive S. aureus [ 18 ] indicated that the lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance to most categories of antibiotics tested was present in KwaZulu-Natal during spring, except for cephalosporins, holding the lowest levels of prevalence of bacterial resistance in Gauteng during winter [ 18 ]. A possible reason for lower prevalence of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus to cephalosporins during winter in Gauteng may be that the dry cold season has generally a lower probable prevalence of intramammary infections that would require less treatment [ 18 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study on maltose-positive S. aureus [ 18 ] indicated that the lowest prevalence of antibiotic resistance to most categories of antibiotics tested was present in KwaZulu-Natal during spring, except for cephalosporins, holding the lowest levels of prevalence of bacterial resistance in Gauteng during winter [ 18 ]. A possible reason for lower prevalence of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus to cephalosporins during winter in Gauteng may be that the dry cold season has generally a lower probable prevalence of intramammary infections that would require less treatment [ 18 ]. This would be supported by the occurring higher average incidence of frost duration in Gauteng [ 19 ], which would have suppressed insect vectors associated in mastitis pathogen transmission [ 20 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance of Maltose-Negative Staphylococcus aureus in South African Dairy Herds

et al. 2020

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Antibiotic resistance has been reported since the 1940s in both human and veterinary medicine. Many years of monitoring milk samples in South Africa led to identification of a novel maltose-negative Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) strain, which appears to be an emerging pathogen. In this study, the susceptibility of this strain to antibiotics was evaluated over time, during diverse seasons in various provinces and according to somatic cell count (SCC) categories. A data set of 271 maltose-negative S. aureus isolates, from milk samples of 117 dairy herds, was examined using the disk diffusion method, between 2010 and 2017. This study also compared the susceptibility testing of 57 maltose-negative and 57 maltose-positive S. aureus isolated from 38 farms, from three provinces using minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The MIC results for the maltose-negative S. aureus isolates showed highest resistance to ampicillin (100%) and penicillin (47.4) and lowest resistance (1.8%) to azithromycin, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin. The maltose-negative S. aureus isolates showed overall significantly increased antibiotic resistance compared to the maltose-positive strains, as well as multidrug resistance. Producers and veterinarians should consider probability of cure of such organisms (seemingly non-chronic) when adapting management and treatment, preventing unnecessary culling.

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“…Seasonal difference in AMR was also observed in a study by Watson et al (2012) that found significant increases in shedding of antimicrobial resistant E. coli in May and August in comparison to November. Karzis et al (2019) showed seasonal variations in the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic resistance in South African dairy herds over an 11-year study period where a higher prevalence of antibiotic resistance of S. aureus to cephalosporins was observed during the rainy and muddy season in comparison to the dry season. Overall, seasonal variation in AMR could be caused by many factors, such as the seasonal variation of infectious diseases, differences in management practices, weather conditions, seasonal differences between geographical region, or differences in antibiotic prescription patterns, all of which influence the dynamic interaction between host and environment and can exert antibiotic selective pressure.…”

Section: Prevalence Of E Coli Resistance Across Seasonsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on California dairies: descriptive and cluster analyses of AMR phenotype of fecal commensal bacteria isolated from adult cows

Abdelfattah

Ekong

Okello

et al. 2021

PeerJ

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Background This study describes the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in commensal Escherichia coli and Enterococcus/Streptococcus spp. (ES) isolated from fecal samples of dairy cows and assesses the variation of AMR profiles across regions and seasons following the implementation of the Food and Agricultural Code (FAC) Sections 14400–14408 (formerly known as Senate Bill, SB 27) in California (CA). Methods The study was conducted on ten dairies distributed across CA’s three milk sheds: Northern California (NCA), Northern San Joaquin Valley (NSJV), and the Greater Southern California (GSCA). On each study dairy, individual fecal samples were collected from two cohorts of lactating dairy cows during the fall/winter 2018 and spring/summer 2019 seasons. Each cohort comprised of 12 cows per dairy. The fecal samples were collected at enrollment before calving (close-up stage) and then monthly thereafter for four consecutive time points up to 120 days in milk. A total of 2,171 E. coli and 2,158 ES isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility using the broth microdilution method against a select panel of antimicrobials. Results The E. coli isolates showed high resistance to florfenicol (83.31% ± 0.80) and sulphadimethoxine (32.45%), while resistance to ampicillin (1.10% ± 0.21), ceftiofur (1.93% ± 0.29), danofloxacin (4.01% ± 0.42), enrofloxacin (3.31% ± 0.38), gentamicin (0.32% ± 0.12) and neomycin (1.61% ± 0.27) had low resistance proportions. The ES isolates were highly resistant to tildipirosin (50.18% ± 1.10), tilmicosin (48% ± 1.10), tiamulin (42%) and florfenicol (46% ± 1.10), but were minimally resistant to ampicillin (0.23%) and penicillin (0.20%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) (resistance to at least 1 drug in ≥3 antimicrobial classes) was observed in 14.14% of E. coli isolates and 39% of ES isolates. Escherichia coli isolates recovered during winter showed higher MDR prevalence compared to summer isolates (20.33% vs. 8.04%). A higher prevalence of MDR was observed in NSJV (17.29%) and GSCA (15.34%) compared with NCA (10.10%). Conclusions Our findings showed high rates of AMR to several drugs that are not labeled for use in lactating dairy cattle 20 months of age or older. Conversely, very low resistance was observed for drugs labeled for use in adult dairy cows, such as cephalosporins and penicillin. Overall, our findings identified important differences in AMR by antimicrobial class, region and season.

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Climatic and regional antibiotic resistance patterns of Staphylococcus aureus in South African dairy herds

Cited by 10 publications

References 20 publications

Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Sewage in Manaus, Amazonas

Antibiotic Resistance of Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Sewage in Manaus, Amazonas

Surveillance of Antibiotic Resistance of Maltose-Negative Staphylococcus aureus in South African Dairy Herds

Epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) on California dairies: descriptive and cluster analyses of AMR phenotype of fecal commensal bacteria isolated from adult cows

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