Clinical and Antiinflammatory Effects of Intranasal Budesonide Aqueous Pump Spray in the Treatment of Perennial Allergic Rhinitis

Objective monitoring of nasal airway inflammation in rhinitis

“…The reduction in these inflammatory cells occurred at doses of 32 mg/d, 64 mg/d, 128 mg/d, and 256 mg/d. 120 Oral corticosteroids. Oral prednisone has been studied for its effect on the late nasal response to allergen challenge.…”

Activity of budesonide on nasal neutrophilic inflammation and obstruction in children with recurrent upper airway infections

“…Inhaled glucocorticosteroid treatment represents an efficacious approach for allergic rhinitis [9][10][11][12] reducing the edema of nasal mucosa and the experimental influx of inflammatory cells in the nose of allergic patients [1]. Indeed, treatment with intranasal glucocorticosteroids reduces the swelling of the nasal mucosa, which leads to airflow obstruction, and decreases the numbers of Langerhans cells, mast cells, eosinophils and T-cells in the upper airways of patients with intermittent or persistent allergic rhinitis [1,[9][10][11][12].…”

“…Indeed, treatment with intranasal glucocorticosteroids reduces the swelling of the nasal mucosa, which leads to airflow obstruction, and decreases the numbers of Langerhans cells, mast cells, eosinophils and T-cells in the upper airways of patients with intermittent or persistent allergic rhinitis [1,[9][10][11][12].…”

Clinical trial design, nasal allergen challenge models, and considerations of relevance to pediatrics, nasal polyposis, and different classes of medication

“…A difference between treatments in conventional clinical rhinitis trials of a 0.5 score step on a 0 to 9 scale (composite of blockage, secretion, and sneezing) can be detected with reasonable numbers of patients and has been considered a clinically relevant magnitude of efficacy. 12,13 The clinical relevance will of course depend on the starting reference symptom score, because a change from 1.0 to 0.5 might be considered a more relevant reduction than that from 8.0 to 7.5, even if both were statistically significant. Insufficient attention has been given to the magnitude of change in relationship to the baseline scores in the presentation of results.…”