Clinical and biochemical abnormalities in endurance horses eliminated from competition for medical complications and requiring emergency medical treatment: 30 cases (2005–2006)

Fielding, C. Langdon; Magdesian, K. Gary; Rhodes, Diane M.; Meier, Chloe A.; Higgins, Jill C.

doi:10.1111/j.1476-4431.2009.00441.x

Cited by 60 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…No differences were noted in electrolyte concentration (Na, K, Cl) in blood of endurance horses that were eliminated from competitions compared with those that successfully completed the competitions (Fielding et al, 2009). High electrolyte losses are usually noted in poorly trained horses, which get tired easily.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Analysis of acid–base balance as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in horses of combined driving discipline

Kupczyński

Śpitalniak

2015

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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Abstract. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of training on hematological and biochemical blood indices and acid-base balance as well as to attempt an assessment of the degree of driving horses' training based on examined parameters during the training cycle. The study was conducted on eight Polish Halfbred driving horses (aged 6-12 years). Each four-horse harness included two geldings and two mares. Blood was collected before and directly after training as well as after a 30 min recovery period. Blood samples were analyzed for hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as acid-base balance and glutathione peroxidase activity. The data were processed using a general linear model (ANOVA) procedure in Statistica v10. A significant (P < 0.01) post-exercise increase in heart rate and respiratory rate was noted. Changes (P < 0.01) in red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), glucose (GLU) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFA) were observed after exercise. Correctness of the exercises affects the rate of recovery to rest values. The fastest recovery to the values of the rest period was noted in the case of RBC, HGB, LYM (lymphocytes), TCO 2 (total carbon dioxide), HCO − 3 (bicarbonate concentration), GLU and NEFA. Training load did not cause acid-base balance disturbance, with visible compensation during the recovery period (increase in HCO − 3 and extracellular base excess (BE)). Changes in GPx activity were not confirmed statistically; however an increasing tendency was observed after training. Long-term exercises of driving horses cause significant lipomobilization. This study enables an evaluation and comparison of physical preparation to effort and intensity of driving horses' training. In the case of driving horses' training, there is a need to accept lower lactic acid (LA) (< 4 mmol L −1 ) values in aerobic-anaerobic threshold interpretation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Analysis of acid–base balance as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in horses of combined driving discipline

Kupczyński

Śpitalniak

2015

Arch. Anim. Breed.

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“…This was probably due to oxidative stress and the common source of these substances: the contracting muscle tissues. A blood lactate concentration of ≥ 4 mmol/l denotes an unfit horse in training protocols (Dudley and Terjung 1985;Guhl et al 1996;Hinchcliff et al 2002;Castejon et al 2006;Kedzierski et al 2009;Fielding et al 2009;Lindner et al 2009). Lactate is a scavenger of free radicals; however, the formation of lactate cannot be divorced from metabolic acidosis which could exhibit pro-oxidant activity and lactic acidosis has been associated with the generation of free radicals and lipid peroxidation (Bralet et al 1991;Groussard et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic responses in endurance horses during racing in relation to uric acid profile, leucocytes, heart rate and plasma biochemical parameters

Adamu¹,

Adzahan²,

Rasedee³

et al. 2012

Vet. Med.

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Uric acid has stronger pro-oxidant than antioxidant properties during equine endurance events and thus, limits performance and has serious repercussions on health. The aim of the study was to investigate the changes in uric acid, leucocytes, plasma biochemical parameters and heart rate in metabolic endurance horses. Thirty Arabian endurance horses were physically examined and blood samples were collected pre and post-race. After physical examination, the successfully completed (n = 10) and metabolic disordered (n = 20) endurance horses were identified. Blood samples in heparinised vacutainer tubes were used for the determination of uric acid, triglyceride, creatine kinase, aspartate transaminase, packed cell volume, lactate, total protein and plasma protein. Blood sample in ethyl diaminotetra-acetic acid vacutainer tubes were used for the analysis of leucocytes. The age, body weight, heart rate, humidity and ambient temperature were also recorded. One way Analysis of variance and pairwise correlations were used for the analysis. A value of P ≤ 0.05 was considered as significantly different. The mean values of uric acid, lactate, leucocytes, plasma protein, total protein, heart rate, creatine pinase and Packed cell volume were significantly different between the successfully completed and metabolic disordered endurance horses P < 0.0001), respectively. The mean values of aspartate transaminase and triglyceride were significantly different between the successfully completed and metabolic disordered endurance horses: P < 0.0130 and P < 0.0004, respectively. There were significant positive correlations between uric acid and lactate (r = 0.5196; P < 0.0271), between uric acid and plasma protein (r = 0.6025; P < 0.0175), between uric and Packed cell volume (r = 0.5206; P < 0.0268), between uric acid and triglyceride (r = 0.5541; P < 0.0170) and between uric acid and heart rate (r = 0.5629; P < 0.0150) in the metabolic disordered endurance horses. In conclusion, heart rate, triglyceride, blood lactate and packed cell volume were significantly associated with uric acid, a biomarker of oxidative stress. Therefore, uric acid could be used to evaluate performance and health status in endurance horses during training and endurance events.Keywords: uric acid; oxidative stress; endurance horses; leucocytes; biochemical; heart rate List of abbreviations MD = metabolic disordered horses; SC = successfully completed the race; ROS = reactive oxygen species; I-R = ischaemic and reperfused heart; LDL = low-density lipoprotein; XO = xanthine oxidase; ATP = adenosine triphosphate; ADP = adenosine diphosphate; AMP = adenosine monophosphate; IMP = inositol monophosphate; EDTA = ethyl diaminotetra-acetic acid; PCV = packed cell volume; AST = aspartate transaminase; CK = creatine kinase; TG = triglyceride; UA = uric acid; RUGS = Research University Grant Scheme Circulating uric acid has both pro-oxidant and antioxidants properties (Sautin and Richard 2008). For example, uric acid can scavenge free radicals discharged into the b...

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“…Previous reports have identified higher plasma protein, hematocrit or both in horses that are eliminated from endurance racing or which require treatment for metabolic derangements. [23][24][25] Supporting this finding, a large-scale study of endurance horses competing in races of 72 to 169 km in length found both PCV and plasma protein concentration to provide good prediction ability for metabolic elimination. 21 Plasma protein concentrations had greater sensitivity and specificity for this purpose than PCV, perhaps reflecting the confounding impact of splenic contraction on PCV.…”

Section: Muscle Enzyme Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 70%

Biochemical abnormalities of athletic horses

McKenzie¹

2014

Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery

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Clinical and biochemical abnormalities in endurance horses eliminated from competition for medical complications and requiring emergency medical treatment: 30 cases (2005–2006)

Cited by 60 publications

References 11 publications

Analysis of acid–base balance as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in horses of combined driving discipline

Analysis of acid–base balance as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in horses of combined driving discipline

Metabolic responses in endurance horses during racing in relation to uric acid profile, leucocytes, heart rate and plasma biochemical parameters

Biochemical abnormalities of athletic horses

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