Clinical and epidemiological features of patients with COVID-19 reinfection: a systematic review

Early SARS-CoV-2 Reinfections Involving the Same or Different Genomic Lineages, Spain

“…Most studies focusing on COVID-19 reinfections followed the CDC guidelines during the first waves of the pandemic ( 8 ). Nevertheless, the guidelines need to be reviewed in the current epidemiologic context, which is substantially different from when most reinfection studies were conducted.…”

“…In addition, the time interval between episodes was very short, 20–42 days. A recent systematic review on SARS-CoV-2 reinfections also determined a period of 23–57 days for reinfections ( 8 ), below the standard 90-day threshold, despite including data from studies published before May 22, 2022; data from the latest waves were also probably underrepresented. More recent criteria for considering reinfections enable reduction to > 45 days between episodes for persons with symptoms, evidence of close contact with a confirmed case, and no evidence of other causes of infection ( 2 ).…”

Evaluation of SARS-CoV-2-Positive Patients with Suspected Reinfection

“…Reinfection may also occur due to host-related reasons, such as the decrease over time in the protective immunity developed against SARS-CoV-2 through natural infection or vaccination. However, there is a need to investigate reinfections in terms of epidemiological, physio-pathological and clinical features [19][20][21]. In our study, we examined the demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of patients with suspected SARS-CoV-2 reinfection, which we discerned from Istanbul Medical Faculty Virology Laboratory data according to CDC criteria.…”

“…Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID- 19) is known to have begun with the report of a cluster of pneumonia cases in people associated with the seafood and livestock market in Wuhan, China on 31 December 2019 [1,2] The disease, which progresses with severe symptoms including fever, shortness of breath, coughing, and weakness, quickly spread to other countries and became a global concern [3]. On 12 January 2020, as a result of sequencing samples from the cluster cases, Chinese authorities declared that the virus causing the disease was a new member of the Coronaviridae family, similar to SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus) and MERS-CoV (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus).…”

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection: Adding insult to dysfunctional endothelium in patients with atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease

“…However, the authors emphasized that although booster vaccination (third dose) was associated only with a very modest reduction of reinfection, the vast majority of reinfections were mild, and the hospitalizations and deaths were quite uncommon. Importantly, a systematic review of SARS-CoV-2 reinfection showed that the presence of comorbidities was associated with an increased vulnerability of patients with reinfection [ 26 ], and an Italian retrospective cohort analysis of the entire population found that SARS-CoV-2 reinfection is significantly more frequent among patients with preexisting cardiovascular disease [ 27 ]. Of note, for a reliable comparison between the many COVID-19 clinical studies available, the classification of the severity of COVID-19 in any particular study should follow the guidance provided by WHO [ 28 ].…”