Clinical and laboratory characteristics of hospitalised patients with neurological manifestations of HIV/AIDS at the Nairobi Hospital

Neurological Manifestations in Hiv Patients- A Hospital-Based Study of Jawaharlal Nehru Institute of Medical Sciences (Jnims), Imphal, Manipur

“…The mean age in our setting was 37.8 with maximum number of cases (25 cases, 55.6%) within age group 30 -40. Again our finding is comparable with the study of Jowi et al, 11 who found a male predominance over female (57.35 vs 42.7%) with M: F ratio of 1.3:1 and a mean age of 38.84. In the present study, the incidence of neurological involvement was found to be maximum in age group 20 -40 years (66.7%), which correlates with a study done by Sircar AR et al 12 in which maximum incidence was seen in age group 20 -40 years (77.9%).…”

Comparison of bedside inoculation of culture media with conventional cerebrospinal fluid culture method in patients with bacterial meningitis

“…Several studies (14)(15)(16) have demonstrated reduced yield from CSF cultures of patients who had previously taken antibiotics. The high prevalence of HIV infection among study patients (83.7%) could also have contributed to the low yield of bacteria as shown in a study done in Nairobi (17).…”

Cerebro-meningeal infections in HIV-infected patients: a study of 116 cases in Libreville, Gabon

“…Studies at autopsy have shown that the brain is the second most affected organ after the lungs in patients infected with HIV 3 . The most frequent cause of neurological disease in HIV seropositive patients is an infectious agent, principally Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptococcus neoformans and Mycobacterium tuberculosis in endemic areas 4,5 . These may present as a neuromeningitis syndrome with or without cerebral lesions visible on brain imaging.…”

“…In this study the median CD4 count was 68/mm 3 with a minimum count of 1/mm 3 , which is concordant with other studies showing equally advanced stages of immunocompromise in CNS disease 2,27,28 . Cryptococcal neuromeningitis is another very common cause of neurological disease in HIV positive patients 5,29 . The diagnosis rests on identification of the fungus in the CSF by either india ink staining, the detection of the polysaccharide antigen or culture.…”

“…Seven of the patients had more than one pathology and 11 had no diagnosis made. Previous studies have remarked on the concurrence of several pathologies in a single cerebral lesion in HIV positive patients 2,5 . Overall mortality was 39.7% and there were proportionally fewer deaths in patients diagnosed with cerebral toxoplasmosis compared to other diagnoses.…”