Clinical and pathologic prognostic features in acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland

Abstract

It has been shown that the genesis of atherosclerotic lesions is resulted from the injury of vascular endothelial cells and the cell damage is triggered by oxygen radicals generated from various tissues. Human vascular endothelial cells can survive and proliferate depending on growth factors such as VEGF or basic FGF and are induced apoptosis by the deprivation of growth factor or serum. It was found that type 1 IFN inhibits the growth factor deprived cell death of human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and protects the cells from chemically induced oxidative cytotoxicity. The anti‐apoptotic effects of type 1 IFN were certified by flow cytometry using annexin‐V‐FITC/PI double staining and cell cycle analysis, fluorescence microscopy using Hoechst33342 and PI, colorimetric assay for caspase‐3 activity, p53 and bax mRNA expressions, and cell counts. It was considered that IFN‐β inhibits the executive late stage apoptosis from the results of annexin‐V‐FITC/PI double staining and the inhibition of caspase‐3 activity, and that the anti‐apoptotic effect might be owing to the direct inhibition of the apoptotic pathway mediated by p53 from the transient down‐regulation of bax mRNA expression. Whereas, type 1 IFN protected the cells from the oxidative cytotoxicity induced by tertiary butylhydroperoxide (TBH) under the presence of Ca2+. The effects of IFN‐β is more potent inhibitor of cell death than IFN‐α. These results indicate that type 1 IFN, especially IFN‐β may be useful for the diseases with vascular endothelium damage such as atherosclerosis or restenosis after angioplasty as a medical treatment or a prophylactic. J. Cell. Biochem. 113: 3823–3834, 2012. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Salivary Gland Cancers: A Survey through History, Classifications and Managements

“…One-third of patients are under 40, one-third between 40 and 59 and one-third above 60 years of age [24]. AcCC more frequently occurs in whites (85%) than in blacks (7%) or other races (8%) [24,28]. There are no known risk factors for AcCC; however, family history and radiation exposure have been proposed as potential risk factors [29].…”

“…As like other salivary gland cancers, criteria for radiotherapy include recurrent disease, advanced T-classiication (T3/T4), positive margins, pathologically positive cervical lymph nodes, perineural invasion, high-grade and high proliferative tumors [24,26,28].…”

Acinic cell carcinoma of the parotid gland.

“…Features that distinguish these 2 groups are: blood vessel involvement, finger-like invasion of adjacent tissues and the presence of some particular histological subtypes (solid tumours) [11]. This simple classification seems to have some limited prognostic value and it is often used in clinical practice.…”

“…Because ACC is a rare salivary gland tumour there are only a few publications in the literature presenting large uniform series of patients suffering from this disease [5,11]. This situation makes it difficult to create an algorithm of ACC treatment.…”

“…Acinic cell carcinoma survival rates after 5, 10 and 15 years are respectively 75%, 63% and 44%, and the most frequent cause of failure is local recurrence followed by distant metastases and regional lymph node metastases [3,5,11].…”