Clinical assessment of depression and type 2 diabetes in Morocco: Economical and social components

Abstract

Background:The global prevalence of diabetes is increasing worldwide. In Morocco, diabetes and depression are major public health problems, requiring improvement in their care. Diabetes and depression are associated with morbidity and early mortality. This association contributes to raising the risk of the complications that occur, while causing higher suffering to patients, as also an increased cost toward healthcare.Aim:This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D), and identify the main risk factors for depression in this category of diabetic patients.Patients and Methods:Type 2 diabetic patients and older than 18 years of age were recruited. The exclusion criteria included being type 1 diabetic, pregnant woman, hospitalized patients, a history of neurological disorders, such as, stroke, infectious episidodes, and history of psychiatric disorders. The individual patient data was collected through individual and confidential interviews lasting 30 minutes, at the end of the diabetology consultation, by the same diabetologist, trained to use the psychometric scales that were needed. The Moroccan–Arabic version of the Beck diagnostic scale of depression was used. Patients assessed with depressive disorders were reviewed in a specialized psychiatric consultation. The statistical analysis was achieved by using SPSS package (version 17). We retained a threshold P value of 0.05.Settings and Design:A cross-sectional study was conducted that included adults with type 2 diabetes. The depression diagnosis was performed using the Arabic version of the Beck Depression scale.Statistical Analysis:We included 142 patients with type 2 diabetes, with an average age of 56.26 years. The prevalence of depression was 33.1%. The risk factors recognized for depression were, lack of social security, hypertension, and a history of type 2 diabetes of more than five years.Results and Conclusions:In this study, we have focused on the frequent association of ‘Type 2 diabetes and depression’ and the risk of mutual aggravation of both pathologies that might require multidisciplinary healthcare, as well as, improvement in the risk factors of depression through improved access to healthcare, with the extension of social security. The stability of the healthcare personnel involved in the treatment of both chronic diseases, including diabetes and hypertension screening, should also be considered for better management of psychiatric complications.

Prevalence and determinants of depressive and anxiety symptoms in adults with type 2 diabetes in China: a cross-sectional study

“…Consistent with previous research findings, 32 49 we found that a lower educational level was associated with a higher depression rate. In developing countries, lower educational level is associated with a lack of social security, 49 poorer understanding and knowledge about the prevention and control of diabetes and an increased likelihood of developing depression.…”

“…In developing countries, lower educational level is associated with a lack of social security,49 poorer understanding and knowledge about the prevention and control of diabetes and an increased likelihood of developing depression.…”

Prevalence of Depression among Rural Residents with Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northeast China

“…In our study, women had a 1.984-fold higher risk of depression than men. El Mahalli revealed that unmarried patients with diabetes were three times more depressed than married ones [ 26 ]. In our study, unmarried residents had a higher prevalence of depression than married ones, although the difference was not significant (12.6% vs. 8.3%, p > 0.05).…”

Towards a Smarter organization for a Self-servicing Society

“…Furthermore, several studies, such as in [2], have shown that diabetes is one of major public health problems in Morocco, and that it causes early mortality of patients while at the same time increasing healthcare costs (cost of drugs, hospitalizations, biological tests, visits to physicians, etc.) As stated in [3], the direct cost of diabetes in Morocco is estimated to be between US $0.47 and US $1.5 billion whereas the indirect cost is estimated to be around US $2 billion.…”