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На сьогодні в Україні зареєстровано майже 200 тис. наркозалежних осіб. Частота стоматологічних захворювань серед них досягає 100 %. Розвитку стоматологічних захворювань сприяють тип вживаного наркотичного засобу, спосіб уведення хімічної форми до організму, стійка недбалість і відсутність інтересу до гігієни порожнини рота, пізнє звернення по стоматологічну допомогу. Для наркозалежних осіб характерний множинний карієс, який переходить в ускладнені форми, ураження тканин пародонта, склерозування й атрофія кісткової тканини з прогресуючою її деструкцією. На слизовій оболонці порожнини рота й губ виявляються хейліти, кандидоз, афтозний стоматит, герпес та осередки лейкоплакії. На тлі імуносупресії та порушень чутливості ці явища мають затяжний перебіг з невираженими клінічними симптомами, що призводить до руйнування зубів, розвитку остеомієлітів щелеп, гнійно-септичних і некротичних ускладнень. Лікування цих уражень ускладнюється ступенем деструкції, пригніченням імунітету й репаративних процесів, низьким комплаєнсом пацієнтів, спотвореною толерантністю до анестетиків. Стоматологічна допомога особам з наркозалежністю є мультидисциплінарною проблемою і потребує розробки клінічних протоколів на державному рівні.
На сьогодні в Україні зареєстровано майже 200 тис. наркозалежних осіб. Частота стоматологічних захворювань серед них досягає 100 %. Розвитку стоматологічних захворювань сприяють тип вживаного наркотичного засобу, спосіб уведення хімічної форми до організму, стійка недбалість і відсутність інтересу до гігієни порожнини рота, пізнє звернення по стоматологічну допомогу. Для наркозалежних осіб характерний множинний карієс, який переходить в ускладнені форми, ураження тканин пародонта, склерозування й атрофія кісткової тканини з прогресуючою її деструкцією. На слизовій оболонці порожнини рота й губ виявляються хейліти, кандидоз, афтозний стоматит, герпес та осередки лейкоплакії. На тлі імуносупресії та порушень чутливості ці явища мають затяжний перебіг з невираженими клінічними симптомами, що призводить до руйнування зубів, розвитку остеомієлітів щелеп, гнійно-септичних і некротичних ускладнень. Лікування цих уражень ускладнюється ступенем деструкції, пригніченням імунітету й репаративних процесів, низьким комплаєнсом пацієнтів, спотвореною толерантністю до анестетиків. Стоматологічна допомога особам з наркозалежністю є мультидисциплінарною проблемою і потребує розробки клінічних протоколів на державному рівні.
The purpose of the study. We analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of distance training of interns of various specialties for the licensed integrated exam "Krok-3" by studying the opinions of the subjects of training. Materials and methods. More than 200 anonymous questionnaires of first-year interns in various specialties were analyzed. The survey was conducted on a five-point system. If the respondent had not wanted to answer any item of the questionnaire, in the corresponding column he put a mark "0". A comparative analysis of the results of testing the interns in the areas of "General Medicine" and "Dentistry" has been carried out. Distance learning means such an organization of the educational process in which the main attention is paid to the independent training of an intern doctor. Our previous studies have shown that most interns can master large volumes of educational material. Therefore, according to the subject of the cycle, we have developed a number of microlectures in the form of voiced multimedia presentations for self-preparation of interns for classes, which were approved by the CMC of the Academy. At the end of each section, there is a considerable list of questions for self-control and a selection of test tasks on the topic. For self-preparation, we also offer clinical lectures texts copies of the department staff, published in professional scientific publications. Results and discussion. According to the results of an anonymous survey, 58.8% of respondents in the medical profile consider the "Emergencies" on-line cycle very significant for the preparation to a licensed exam, 35.3% - important, and only 5.1% - not paramount. Among interns-dentists, only 26.3% of the respondents recognized our classes as very important for passing “Krok-3”, and 47.4% - not very serious, and 26.3% did not at all perceive the expediency of this cycle. It can be explained by the fact that the thematic plan of classes of somatic pathology, which our department conducts for interns-dentists, is a very small share of the special dental program. Only 26.5% of medical interns and 21.1% of dentists recognized the stimulating effect of “Krok-3” for mastering knowledge of emergency care, 44.1% and 15.8% of respondents consider it quite important, respectively, and 32.4% of medical interns and 63.1% of dentists do not consider it appropriate at all, they say, the exam itself does not contribute to the improvement of medical qualifications. Conclusion. Conducted on-line cycle "Emergencies" was generally quite highly appreciated by subjects of training in many qualitative components. Interns of the dental profile showed significantly less interest in the performed cycle due to its limited somatic pathology. The problem of the unfair attitude of interns to the means of control at our department has been completely solved in full-time education, but in the case of distance education, it requires an urgent search for ways to overcome it. The transition to distance learning during an epidemic is a forced, but the only possible measure that will preserve the health and life of the subjects of learning. This type of training requires careful study, optimization and adaptation to modern conditions
The purpose of the study was to determine the peculiarities of the use of the methodology of teaching the discipline and ways to further improve the teaching of the discipline "Neurology" to foreign students. Materials and methods. The methodological basis of the study is the analysis of the peculiarities of the application of innovative teaching methods in teaching the cycle "Neurology" to foreign students. Results and discussion. To date, the most important task facing higher education is to improve the quality of training of medical professionals. An important requirement for the professional development of a student of a medical school in education is the formation of independence, initiative, creativity, competitiveness. In the presence of such qualities, the student can be realized in the future in the profession, in the labor market, having a very high level of motivation to achieve professional success. The processes of globalization largely affect the education system. The education of foreign students at the Dnipro State Medical University is an important component that reflects the international status and competitiveness of the institution in the world market. Medical students must acquire knowledge in specialized subjects, be able to apply the acquired knowledge in practical classes, master various teaching methods, as well as show interest in new scientific developments, thereby improving their educational and professional level. The study found that given the current stages of modernization of education it is important to implement a methodological restructuring of the educational process of higher education, which will be aimed at personal development of students, the formation of key and subject competencies. Competence approach in the discipline of "Neurology" for the preparation of foreign students of the Dnipro State Medical University should be implemented using not only methodological support in the form of materials for preparation for practical classes, lecture presentations, methodological developments for students, algorithms of practical skills, test sets, methodical developments for teachers, but also by increasing the role of independent training of students, which makes it possible to rationally organize and increase the effectiveness of training of foreign medical students. Conclusion. The range of teaching methods of higher medical education combines classic and innovative areas of study of foreign students, which contributes to the rational use of different ways to optimize the educational process, enhance cognitive activity, clinical thinking in students, and achieves the ultimate goal – training highly qualified specialist. In the future it is planned to improve the educational process, the opportunity for students to prepare thematic presentations in the form of multimedia presentations from various sections of neurology and present the prepared material in practical classes
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