Clinical features of the first cases and a cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia imported from Italy and Spain

Escalera-Antezana, Juan Pablo; Lizon-Ferrufino, Nicolas Freddy; Maldonado-Alanoca, Americo; Alarcón-De-la-Vega, Gricel; Alvarado-Arnez, Lucia Elena; Balderrama-Saavedra, María Alejandra; Bonilla-Aldana, D. Katterine; Rodríguez‐Morales, Alfonso J.

doi:10.1016/j.tmaid.2020.101653

Cited by 90 publications

(84 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…In a nutshell, we suggest that, in Romania, local cycles of transmission were preceded by imported cases, predominantly from Italy. Our research is in line with other previous articles illustrating case imports from Italy, such as Bolivia [17], Brazil [18], Austria, Croatia and Spain [19]. For Romania, this case-importation route is not surprising as Italy has been, for at least the last two decades, the main migration destination for Romanians.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Early spread of COVID-19 in Romania: imported cases from Italy and human-to-human transmission networks

2020

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We describe the early spread of the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) and the first human-to-human transmission networks, in Romania. We profiled the first 147 cases referring to sex, age, place of residence, probable country of infection, return day to Romania, COVID-19 confirmation date and the probable modes of COVID-19 transmissions. Also, we analysed human-to-human transmission networks and explored their structural features and time dynamics. In Romania, local cycles of transmission were preceded by imported cases, predominantly from Italy. We observed an average of 4.8 days (s.d. = 4.0) between the arrival to a Romanian county and COVID-19 confirmation. Furthermore, among the first 147 COVID-19 patients, 88 were imported cases (64 carriers from Italy), 54 were domestic cases, while for five cases the source of infection was unknown. The early human-to-human transmission networks illustrated a limited geographical dispersion, the presence of super-spreaders and the risk of COVID-19 nosocomial infections. COVID-19 occurred in Romania through case importation from Italy. The largest share of the Romanian diaspora is concentrated especially in the northern parts of Italy, heavily affected by COVID-19. Human mobility (including migration) accounts for the COVID-19 transmission and it should be given consideration while tailoring prevention measures.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Early spread of COVID-19 in Romania: imported cases from Italy and human-to-human transmission networks

2020

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“…This is analogue with multiple previous studies in Egypt (Abdelha z et al 2020) and Pakistan (Mirza et al 2020). Although many studies reported that a signi cant percentage of the infected people were young (Chen et al 2020;Bialek et al 2020;Escalera-Antezana et al 2020), our study has shown that less than half of the participants -who are considered young-thought that they can be infected with COVID-19, and nearly one third thought they were invincible from the disease. Based on the results of the study, a molding of knowledge about COVID 19 into a positive attitude was clearly observed.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 64%

“…These alarming levels of spread and severity of the disease have therefore raised the bar for the entire world to manage this stressful crisis and urged the World health organization to o cially characterize COVID-19 as a pandemic (WHO/Europe) Concerning the symptoms of COVID-19, some infected people may not experience any symptoms, whereas others may have mild symptoms. Around 80% of patients recover without needing any special treatment while one out of six patients develop more severe symptoms, including but not limited to di culty breathing, these patients are most likely to be elderly or with underlying medical conditions, such as high blood pressure, heart problems or diabetes (Ecdc; Wang et al 2020;Zhang et al 2020b) Additionally, young people are not invincible against coronavirus; world data have shown that a large number of the patients were young, among which many needed hospitalization (Chen et al 2020;Bialek et al 2020;Escalera-Antezana et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Knowledge, attitudes and practices about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Birzeit University students: A cross-sectional study

Naseef

Al-Shami

Hadba

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Aim: COVID-19 the novel corona virus that has been characterized as a pandemic; as it spreads all over the world and has so far infected more than 20 million worldwide. In Palestine, the first seven cases were documented on March 5th, 2020 followed by the declaration of the state of emergency. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and practices toward COVID-19 among Birzeit University students.Subject and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out, a questionnaire was developed based on the WHO, CDC, ECDC recommendations. The questionnaire was distributed online and filled by Birzeit University students. Chi-square testing was performed to check for significant association between KAP and different sociodemographic variables. Binary logistic regression performed to identify and control the confounding factors. Data were analyzed using SPSS (version 22).Results: A total of 665 students have completed the online questionnaire. The mean age was (20.55±3.069) years. Multivariate analysis revealed that males, students from health professions and scientific faculties and those with highly educated parents had manifested a good knowledge level (GKL) about Covid -19. Regarding students’ practices, less negative practices were prompted by students from health professions faculty and the students living at the middle governorate of Palestine compared to north, south and Jerusalem dwellers. With regards to the practices, the vast majority of the participants held a positive and very cautious practice towards the COVID-19 epidemic.Conclusion: Our results revealed that students had variable knowledge regarding Covid-19 and the vast majority depended on the official media briefs in Palestine as a source of information. With regards to practices, positive and cautious practices towards the COVID-19 epidemic were carried out by the vast majority of participants.

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“…Escalera-Antezana et al evaluated 152 subjects in a retrospective cross-sectional analysis and found that 12 (7.9%) of them returned positive results by real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) [14]. The median age of the infected subjects was 39 years (IQR: 25 -43) and half of them were male.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile of Patients Suspected to be COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Pandemic Data

Goel¹,

Raizada²,

Bansal³

et al. 2020

Cureus

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Background and Objectives Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), a global public health emergency of profound magnitude, has brought life to an unprecedented near-standstill. The clinical profile of the disease is still emerging and is marked by considerable geographical variability in terms of transmissibility, clinical profile, virulence, and mortality of the disease. As clinical data is being reported from around the globe, it becomes important to focus on local subjects in a global milieu, lest one misses the trees for the forest. Our study is a short retrospective analysis of the demographic and clinical profiles of subjects presenting with a mild flu-like illness to our hospital who were tested for COVID-19. It compares the differences in age and sex of those who tested positive with those negative. In addition, it reviews the length of time it might take for a case testing positive on reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) test to become negative. Methodology A retrospective analysis of data from adults who presented to our hospital with a mild flu-like illness between the months of March and May 2020 was conducted to understand the disease profile. The nasal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected from each patient and were transported to state-approved laboratories chain for RT-PCR analysis. Information was collected from reports received, clinical information forms, and sample collection forms that were being maintained as a part of the clinical management protocol. Data were analysed using Stata software, version 13 (StataCorp LLC, College Station, TX, USA). Observations and Results Three thousand twenty-six subjects presented to our hospital with either mild flu-like symptoms or with suspected exposure to a confirmed case of COVID-19. The subjects had a mean age of 37.3 (± 15.1) years and 1,805 (60.3%) were males. A regression analysis revealed an adjusted odds of 1.6 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.2, 2.1) for testing positive for males as compared to females. For every one year increase in age, the odds for testing positive increased by 1.02 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.03). Of the 2,592 individuals for whom data was available, 201 (7.6%) were found positive on RT-PCR 1, 2 2 2 2 3 4

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Clinical features of the first cases and a cluster of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) in Bolivia imported from Italy and Spain

Cited by 90 publications

References 69 publications

Early spread of COVID-19 in Romania: imported cases from Italy and human-to-human transmission networks

Early spread of COVID-19 in Romania: imported cases from Italy and human-to-human transmission networks

Knowledge, attitudes and practices about Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) among Birzeit University students: A cross-sectional study

Profile of Patients Suspected to be COVID-19: A Retrospective Analysis of Early Pandemic Data

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