Clinical observations on response to nasal occlusion in infancy.

Swift, P G; Emery, John L.

doi:10.1136/adc.48.12.947

Cited by 111 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Perhaps babies with a dummy in their mouth are more or less hindered in turning their face straight down, and the dummy might help keep the airways open. A study carried out by Swift and Emery [34] suggested that dummy use made it easier to switch to mouth breathing if nasal occlusion occurred. Sucking increases the tension of the muscles of the upper airways and the tongue would therefore be positioned in a more forward position and keep the airways free [27].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dummy use, thumb sucking, mouth breathing and cot death

L’Hoir

Engelberts

Well

et al. 1999

European Journal of Pediatrics

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Dummy use seems to be an important preventive factor for cot death in the Netherlands, independent of other risk factors such as prone sleeping and bedding. We recommend dummy use at least for bottle-fed infants. We found no indication that dummies influence the frequency or duration of breast feeding but more data are needed. Mouth breathing appears to be associated with an increased risk for cot death, but again further research is needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dummy use, thumb sucking, mouth breathing and cot death

L’Hoir

Engelberts

Well

et al. 1999

European Journal of Pediatrics

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“…However, for a number of reasons it is premature to state that the conventional bedding we studied is completely safe for prone-sleeping infants (20). First, firm bedding may be more likely than soft to cause airway occlusion by nasal compression (22) or retroposition of the mandible (23,24) in prone-sleeping infants. Second, for prone-sleeping infants, some degree of rebreathing may occur even on firmer bedding (9).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical Properties of Bedding That May Increase Risk of Sudden Infant Death Syndrome in Prone-Sleeping Infants

1994

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Soft bedding has been shown in epidemiologic studies to increase the risk for sudden, unexpected death in pronesleeping infants. We compared the physical properties of conventional bedding to bedding from two sources: I ) bedding that covered the airways of victims of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) lying prone and face down at the time of death; and, 2) bedding associated with increased risk for SIDS in case-control studies (i.e. bedding filled with ti tree bark). Using simple mechanical models and the head from an infant mannequin, we measured the resistance to airflow, malleability, and capacity to limit CO, dispersal of the bedding. We also describe a technique for quantifying bedding softness. The resistance and malleability were similar for the conventional bedding, the ti tree bedding, and the bedding from SIDS deaths (analysis of variance,^ = 0.85 and 0.16). The ti tree bedding and the other bedding from SIDS cases differed from conventional bedding in two physical properties. Both groups were Many published reports have indicated that the type of bedding an infant sleeps on may increase the risk for SIDS. These reports include 1 ) two epidemiologic casecontrol studies indicating that soft bedding increases SIDS risk (1, 2); 2) case histories of SIDS deaths where bedding covering the victim's airway conceivably produced asphyxia (3-5); and, 3) physiologic reconstructions modeled from the death-scene investigation in cases diagnosed as SIDS, where the relation of the bedding to the victim's airway at the time of death created an asphyxiating environment (6-9). That bedding type and infant sleep position are likely related factors in SIDS is emphasized in a recent report from Australia (2) showing that bedding filled with bark from the ti tree increases the risk of SIDS by 10-fold, but only in prone-sleeping infants. softer ( p I 0.005) and limited CO, dispersal to a greater degree ( p 5 0.009). The finding that increased capacity to limit CO, dispersal is a consistent property of the bedding covering the airways of these SIDS victims and of bedding shown to be an epidemiologic risk factor for SIDS supports rebreathing of expired air as a mechanism underlying the association of certain kinds of bedding with SIDS. (Pediatr Res 36: 7-1 1, 1994) Abbreviations SIDS, sudden infant death syndrome R, resistance to airflow t%, half-time for CO, disappearance ANOVA, analysis of variance group lA, bedding from prone, face-down SIDS cases group lB, bedding filled with bark from the ti tree group 2, conventional bedding Moreover, other studies (1, 10) indicate that approximately 35% of infants who die of SIDS while sleeping prone die with their faces turned down into their bedding, a position recently shown to cause marked rebreathing in healthy sleeping infants. (11, 12) These several reports, and the case-control studies in particular, indicate important associations among SIDS, type of bedding, and sleep position. The mechanism underlying these apparent associations, however, is not well established.A major ...

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“…The histopathological changes in the lung in most respiratory viral infections in children are non-specific (Aherne et al, 1970), and in cot deaths are commonly minimal (Tapp, Jones and Tobin, 1975). Moreover, it has long been suspected that obstruction of the upper respiratory tract plays a role in cot deaths (Cross and Lewis, 1971;Swift and Emery, 1973), because a history of preceding snuffles is common and the risk of death appears to be greater when other symptoms of upper respiratory-tract infection, such as cough, are present (Carpenter et al, 1979).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%