Clinical Pattern of Dermatoses in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Prevalence of foot disorders according to chronic kidney disease stage

“…The high prevalence of dermatopathies observed (skin disorders 97.6%, nail disorders 98.5%) in people with CKD has been reported previously with wide variation (50%–100%; Falodun et al, 2011; Hajheydari & Makhlough, 2008; Masmoudi et al, 2014; Odibi & Okunoye, 2013; Oripelaye et al, 2017; Udayakumar et al, 2006). In the present study, xerosis was observed at all CKD stages, in agreement with previous studies (Adejumo et al, 2019; Falodun et al, 2011; Locking‐Cusolito et al, 2005; Thomas et al, 2012).…”

“…Studies of people on haemodialysis who have terminal kidney failure and associated comorbid conditions (anaemia, nutritional deterioration, hyperhydration or accelerated atherosclerosis) or are at advanced stages (G3–G5) reported a high prevalence of foot disorders with varying percentages depending on the study (Dyachenko et al, 2007; Gómez Vilaseca et al, 2017; Locking‐Cusolito et al, 2005; Narita et al, 2006; Peres et al, 2014). Higher prevalences are generally observed at more advanced stages of CKD (Dyachenko et al, 2007; Falodun et al, 2011; Hajheydari & Makhlough, 2008; Locking‐Cusolito et al, 2005; Masmoudi et al, 2014; Odibi & Okunoye, 2013; Oripelaye et al, 2017; Peres et al, 2014; Udayakumar et al, 2006). However, even though CKD is a progressive disease in which people go through several stages, we found no studies that assessed the prevalence of foot disorders and their association with the stages described in the KDIGO Guideline.…”

“…Some authors reported that koilonychia, half and half nails, Beau's lines, leukonychia, onychomycosis, onychogryphosis, subungual hematomas, melanonychia, onychodystrophy, onychocryptosis and pincer nails are commonly present in people on dialysis (Adejumo et al, 2019; Hajheydari & Makhlough, 2008; Masmoudi et al, 2014; Oripelaye et al, 2017; Peres et al, 2014; Thomas et al, 2012; Udayakumar et al, 2006). In addition to these nail disorders, our results showed Beau's lines at stage G5, which have not been reported in other studies.…”

“…Other authors stressed the importance of maximum effort in everyday clinical practice to prevent foot ulcers and their devastating consequences in all people with CKD 4–5 or on haemodialysis (Otte, van Netten, & Woittiez, 2015). Health professionals are well aware of the variety and prevalence of dermal disorders (around 50%–100%) in people with CKD (Falodun, Ogunbiyi, Salako, & George, 2011; Hajheydari and Makhlough, 2008; Masmoudi, Hajjaji Darouiche, Ben Salah, Ben Hmida, & Turki, 2014; Odibi & Okunoye, 2013; Oripelaye et al, 2017; Robinson‐Bostom & DiGiovanna, 2000).…”

“…Although several authors have analysed changes in the skin and nails, they mostly focused on people on maintenance haemodialysis (Hajheydari & Makhlough, 2008; Masmoudi et al, 2014; Peres et al, 2014; Udayakumar et al, 2006) or in the final stages of CKD (G3, G4, G5; Adejumo et al, 2019; Oripelaye et al, 2017; Thomas, Pawar, & Thomas, 2012). Few studies have analysed foot disorders in people with CKD according to CKD stages (Locking‐Cusolito et al, 2005; Ndip et al, 2010; Otte et al, 2015) or examined the prevalence of foot disorders in people on haemodialysis compared to people on conservative treatments for CKD (Adejumo et al, 2019; Falodun et al, 2011).…”