Clinical Profile of Congenital Heart Disease in RIMS Hospital

Abstract

Background: Congenital heart disease (CHD) refers to various abnormalities with the structure and functions due to anomalous development of the heart before birth. Usually classified into two types: acyanotic and cyanotic, CHD is the most common type of all birth defects and is responsible for more deaths in the first year of life than any other birth defects. Objectives: To determine the prevalence and clinical profile in a tertiary medical centre. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted in the department of Pediatrics, RIMS, Imphal, during a period of two years from August 2011 to July 2013 in which all admitted cases of CHD (0-12 years), were evaluated with detailed history, clinical examinations and routine investigations including chest X-ray (CXR), electrocardiogram (ECG) and confirmed by echocardiography. Results: 83 children (1.76%) were diagnosed with CHD during the study period of 2 years. Majority of cases (51.8%) were observed in the 1-12 months age group followed by 26.5% in 0-1 month, 18.1% in 1-5 years and 3.6% in 5-12 years age group respectively. Acyanotic congenital heart disease (ACHD) was the commonest type accounting for 86.8% of all CHDs out of ventricular septal defect (VSD) constituted 38.6% of the total CHDs. Among the cyanotic congenital heart disease (CCHD), Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) was the commonest type constituting 10.8% of all CHDs. The most predominat symptom was breathing difficulty (85.5%) followed by fever (62.7%), cough (60.2%), recurrent chest infection (57.8%), excessive cry (56.6%), reduced feeding (48.2%), increased sweating during feeds (44.6%), failure to thrive (26.5%) and blue lips (13.2%).There were 3(3.6%) mortalities in infants with complex CHDs. Conclusion: Early diagnosis of CHD will significantly contribute in reducing morbidity and mortality by prioritizing appropriate management.

The echocardiographic and radiological profile of Clinically diagnosed congenital heart disease in children

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