Clinical Trials to Gain FDA Approval for Computerized Cognitive Training: What Is the Ideal Control Condition?

Motter, Jeffrey N.; Devanand, Davangere P.; Doraiswamy, P. Murali; Sneed, Joel R.

doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00249

Cited by 21 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…It is central to consider the importance of the control group, as most previous intervention studies did not include an active control condition as similar as possible to the experimental condition (Lampit et al, 2014 ; Toril et al, 2014 ) and with similar levels of motivation, social contact, and engagement (Blacker et al, 2014 ; Motter et al, 2016 ). In the current RCT, we tried to equate task factors that might contribute to differential improvements.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They were randomly assigned to a group trained with video games from Lumosity or to an active control group playing The Sims and SimCity (two simulation strategy games) for the same number of sessions. The inclusion of an active control group is considered critical for inferences about the specific potential effects of the intervention (Dougherty et al, 2016 ; Motter et al, 2016 ; Simons et al, 2016 ). We selected an active control condition as similar as possible to the training condition in that the control group also played non-action games.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In sum, further research is needed to ascertain whether computerized cognitive training improves executive functions, specifically selective attention and working memory, as well as everyday functioning in healthy older adults. While high levels of mental activity have been associated with both better cognitive performance and reduced risk of dementia (Valenzuela and Sachdev, 2006 ), in view of the modest benefits for untrained working memory and attentional functions of non-action video game training is vital to explore more deeply whether video games or other types of computerized cognitive training can improve executive functions in older adults (Foroughi et al, 2016 ; Motter et al, 2016 ; Simons et al, 2016 ) and whether there are stable relations between training with video games and cognitive abilities in general (McCabe et al, 2016 ). Special attention deserves multi-domain interventions that combine cognitive training with physical activity embedded in a social environment for supporting cognition and independent living of an increasing older adults population (Ballesteros et al, 2015a ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A recent extensive review (Simons et al, 2016 ) concluded: “practicing a cognitive task consistently improves performance on that task and closely related tasks, but the available evidence that such training generalizes to other tasks, or to real-world performance, is not compelling” (p. 173). Non-specific factors like expectancy, motivation, and engagement, as well as the quality of the active control group, are important aspects of the intervention design that should be taken into account to be certain that computerized cognitive training is a good method for enhancing cognition (Motter et al, 2016 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effects of Video Game Training on Measures of Selective Attention and Working Memory in Older Adults: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Ballesteros

Mayas

Prieto

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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Video game training with older adults potentially enhances aspects of cognition that decline with aging and could therefore offer a promising training approach. Although, previous published studies suggest that training can produce transfer, many of them have certain shortcomings. This randomized controlled trial (RCT; Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT02796508) tried to overcome some of these limitations by incorporating an active control group and the assessment of motivation and expectations. Seventy-five older volunteers were randomly assigned to the experimental group trained for 16 sessions with non-action video games from Lumosity, a commercial platform (http://www.lumosity.com/) or to an active control group trained for the same number of sessions with simulation strategy games. The final sample included 55 older adults (30 in the experimental group and 25 in the active control group). Participants were tested individually before and after training to assess working memory (WM) and selective attention and also reported their perceived improvement, motivation and engagement. The results showed improved performance across the training sessions. The main results were: (1) the experimental group did not show greater improvements in measures of selective attention and working memory than the active control group (the opposite occurred in the oddball task); (2) a marginal training effect was observed for the N-back task, but not for the Stroop task while both groups improved in the Corsi Blocks task. Based on these results, one can conclude that training with non-action games provide modest benefits for untrained tasks. The effect is not specific for that kind of training as a similar effect was observed for strategy video games. Groups did not differ in motivation, engagement or expectations.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Effects of Video Game Training on Measures of Selective Attention and Working Memory in Older Adults: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Ballesteros

Mayas

Prieto

et al. 2017

Front. Aging Neurosci.

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show abstract

“…Also, future studies of possible benefits of computerized training would benefit from inclusion of measures to evaluate non-specific factors as covariates. For example, measuring of aspects such as engagement, usability, and satisfaction from the activity were suggested by Motter, Devanand, Doraiswamy, and Sneed (2016).…”

Section: Internet As a Major Cultural Toolmentioning

confidence: 99%

A.R. Luria’s cultural neuropsychology in the 21st century

Kotik-Friedgut

Ardila

2019

Culture & Psychology

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Luria has long been one of the most influential authors in cognitive neurosciences, in particular in neuropsychology. New scientific advances and clinical observations have confirmed many of his proposals and hypotheses. In this paper one of his major ideas is analyzed: the influence of cultural factors on human cognition. The systemic-dynamic Lurian analysis of brain activity is based on Vygotsky's concept of higher mental functions, which are social in origin and complex and dynamic in their structure. Higher mental functions are based on a complex system of operations and means both external and internal. Living conditions and hence cultural characteristics have dramatically changed during the last half century with the development of new media and new virtual ways of communication. Review of contemporary developments supporting the appropriateness and usefulness of these concepts is presented. It is finally concluded that Luria is one of the major founders of contemporary neuropsychology not only from the clinical point of view, but also from the cultural perspective. His influence has continued undiminished during the 21st century.

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Brain-Training Games Help Prevent Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

Ballesteros

2018

Video Game Influences on Aggression, Cognition, and Attention

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Clinical Trials to Gain FDA Approval for Computerized Cognitive Training: What Is the Ideal Control Condition?

Cited by 21 publications

References 40 publications

Effects of Video Game Training on Measures of Selective Attention and Working Memory in Older Adults: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Video Game Training on Measures of Selective Attention and Working Memory in Older Adults: Results from a Randomized Controlled Trial

A.R. Luria’s cultural neuropsychology in the 21st century

Brain-Training Games Help Prevent Cognitive Decline in Older Adults

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