Clinical view on the importance of dendritic cells in asthma

Abstract

Summary Allergic asthma is characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation and may lead to airway remodeling in uncontrolled cases. Genetic predisposition to an atopic phenotype plays a major component in the pathophysiology of asthma. However, with tremendous role of epigenetic factors and environmental stimuli in precipitating an immune response, the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms are complicated. Dendritic cells are principal antigen presenting cells and initiators of the immune response in allergic asthma. Their phenotype, guided by multiple factors may dictate the immune reaction to an allergic or tolerogenic response. Involvement of the local cytokine milieu, microbiome and interplay between immune cells add dimension to the fate of immune response. In addition to allergen exposure, these factors modulate DC phenotype and function. In this article, integration of many factors and pathways associated with the recruitment and activation of DCs in the pathophysiology of allergic asthma is presented in a clinical and translational manner.

The R213G polymorphism in SOD3 protects against allergic airway inflammation

“…Allergic asthma is a heterogeneous disease characterized by airway hyperresponsiveness, inflammation, and remodeling (1,2). Oxidative stress is implicated in all of these features (1) and is characterized by an imbalance of reactive oxygen species (ROS) such as superoxide (O 2 -), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), hydroxyl radical (OH .…”

Exosomes from Thymic Stromal Lymphopoietin-Activated Dendritic Cells Promote Th2 Differentiation through the OX40 Ligand

“…They take up the antigen, process and present it to T lymphocytes, and thereby contribute to innate immunity [16]. Based on the different types of antigens and cytokines, DCs can regulate T-lymphocyte polarization [17, 18].…”

Cepharanthine induces apoptosis through the mitochondria/caspase pathway in murine dendritic cells

“…The stimulation of T cells is also mediated by various soluble or membrane-bound factors. DCs evidently drive the differentiation of na€ ıve Th0 cells to Th1, Th2, Treg, Th17, Th9, and Th22 cells depending on cytokines 17 . For instance, the activation of DCs by bacteriaderived lipopolysaccharide induces strong Th1 responses through IL-12p70 release 18 .…”