Clinically Healthy Skin of Dogs Is a Potential Reservoir for Canine Papillomaviruses

Lange, Christian E.; Zollinger, Sabrina; Tobler, Kurt; Ackermann, Mathias; Favrot, Claude

doi:10.1128/jcm.02047-10

Cited by 58 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Furthermore, an OSCC developed in an area of papillomatosis (Watrach et al, 1970) and CPV-1 DNA was detected using specific PCR primers in 3/29 canine OSCCs (Teifke et al, 1998). However, despite both the CP4/5 and the FAP59/64 primers being highly sensitive for CPV-1 (Lange et al, 2011), CPV-1 was not detected in any OSCC in the present study. Similarly CPV-1 DNA was not detected in a previous study of 21 canine OSCCs (Zaugg et al, 2005) suggesting that CPV-1 is rarely associated with these neoplasms.…”

contrasting

confidence: 79%

Molecular and immunohistochemical studies do not support a role for papillomaviruses in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma development

Munday

French

Harvey³

2015

The Veterinary Journal

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contrasting

confidence: 79%

Molecular and immunohistochemical studies do not support a role for papillomaviruses in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma development

Munday

French

Harvey³

2015

The Veterinary Journal

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“…Bovine papillomaviruses are not unique in this regard; in fact, papillomaviruses are commonly found on healthy skin of humans and animals. [3][4][5]15,20 Therefore, prudence is required when interpreting the presence of amplified papillomavirus DNA. Among PCR-based equine studies, reported prevalence of BPV amplified from nonsarcoid (normal or inflamed) tissues ranges from 0% to 80%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of Bovine Papillomavirus Nucleic Acid in Equine Sarcoids

et al. 2015

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Bovine papillomaviruses (BPV1/BPV2) have long been associated with equine sarcoids; deciphering their contribution has been difficult due to their ubiquitous presence on skin and in the environment, as well as the lack of decent techniques to interrogate their role in pathogenesis. We have developed and characterized an in situ hybridization (ISH) assay that uses a pool of probes complementary to portions of the E5, E6, and E7 genes. This assay is highly sensitive for direct visualization of viral transcript and nucleic acid in routinely processed histopathologic samples. We demonstrate here the visualization of BPV nucleic acid in 18 of 18 equine sarcoids, whereas no detectable viral DNA was present in 15 of 15 nonsarcoid controls by this technique. In nearly 90% (16/18) of the sarcoids, 50% or more of the fibroblastic cell nuclei distributed throughout the neoplasm had detectable hybridization. In the remaining 2 cases, fewer than half of the fibroblastic cells contained detectable hybridization, but viral nucleic acid was also detected in epithelial cells of the sebaceous glands, hair follicles and epidermis. A sensitive ISH assay is an indispensable addition to the molecular methods used to detect viral nucleic acid in tissue. We have used this technique to determine the specific cellular localization and distribution of BPV in a subset of equine sarcoids.

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“…These viral papillomas are more common in older, immunosuppressed patients and are associated with particularly malignant lesions in a group of dogs with X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (Goldschmidt et al, 2006). Normal skin may harbor CPVs, but often these infections remain subclinical in immunocompetent hosts (Lange et al, 2011). It remains unknown, however, if or how the immune system specifically recognizes PV infections and induces an effective antiviral immune response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Canine keratinocytes upregulate type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in response to poly(dA:dT) but not to canine papillomavirus

Luff

Yuan

Suter

et al. 2013

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

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Papillomaviruses (PV) are double stranded (ds) DNA viruses that infect epithelial cells within the skin or mucosa, most often causing benign neoplasms that spontaneously regress. The immune system plays a key role in the defense against PVs. Since these viruses infect keratinocytes, we wanted to investigate the role of the keratinocyte in initiating an immune response to canine papillomavirus-2 (CPV-2) in the dog. Keratinocytes express a variety of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to distinguish different cutaneous pathogens and initiate an immune response. We examined the mRNA expression patterns for several recently described cytosolic nucleic acid sensing PRRs in canine monolayer keratinocyte cultures using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Unstimulated normal cells were found to express mRNA for melanoma differentiation associated gene 5 (MDA5), retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I), DNA-dependent activation of interferon regulatory factors, leucine rich repeat flightless interacting protein 1, and interferon inducible gene 16 (IFI16), as well as their adaptor molecules myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88, interferon-β promoter stimulator 1, and endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane protein stimulator of interferon genes. When stimulated with synthetic dsDNA [poly(dA:dT)] or dsRNA [poly(I:C)], keratinocytes responded with increased mRNA expression levels for interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor-α, interferon-β, RIG-I, IFI16, and MDA5. There was no detectable increase in mRNA expression, however, in keratinocytes infected with CPV-2. Furthermore, CPV-2-infected keratinocytes stimulated with poly(dA:dT) and poly(I:C) showed similar mRNA expression levels for these gene products when compared with expression levels in uninfected cells. These results suggest that although canine keratinocytes contain functional PRRs that can recognize and respond to dsDNA and dsRNA ligands, they do not appear to recognize or initiate a similar response to CPV-2.

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Clinically Healthy Skin of Dogs Is a Potential Reservoir for Canine Papillomaviruses

Cited by 58 publications

References 23 publications

Molecular and immunohistochemical studies do not support a role for papillomaviruses in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma development

Molecular and immunohistochemical studies do not support a role for papillomaviruses in canine oral squamous cell carcinoma development

Localization of Bovine Papillomavirus Nucleic Acid in Equine Sarcoids

Canine keratinocytes upregulate type I interferons and proinflammatory cytokines in response to poly(dA:dT) but not to canine papillomavirus

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