Clomiphene citrate induced ovulation and intrauterine insemination: effect of timing of human chorionic gonadotropin injection in relation to the spontaneous LH surge on pregnancy rates

Abstract

Purpose : To determine the optimal time for administration of human chorionic gonadotropin in clomiphene citrate induced intrauterine insemination cycles. Methods : A retrospective analysis of 171 consecutive cycles was performed. An increase in luteinizing hormone level >100% over the mean of the preceding two days was defined as luteinizing hormone surge. Human chorionic gonadotropin was given in preparation for intrauterine insemination based on the follicle size and estradiol level prior to surge in 85 cycles (Group A), with the spontaneous surge in 64 cycles (Group B) and not given in 22 cycles (Group C) due to high luteinizing hormone levels. Results : The overall pregnancy rate per cycle was 18.1% (31/171), 15.2% (Group A), 20.3% (Group B) and 22.7% (Group C), (p > 0.50). Conclusion : Although there may be physiological reasons to propose that timing the human chorionic gonadotropin to the luteinizing hormone surge will improve the success rate, they were not demonstrated.

Comparing the pregnancy rates of one versus two intrauterine inseminations (IUIs) in male factor and idiopathic infertility

“…In our study, the overall pregnancy rate was 15.43%, among which 94.33% (183/194) were ongoing. Our data were comparable to the pregnancy rates of other studies in which the clinical pregnancy rate ranged from 9.2 to 33.3% (1,(10)(11)(12)(13)17).…”

“…Among the factors discussed, the optimal timing and number of inseminations are the hottest issues of the controversy (6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12). Intervals between hCG injection and IUI were reported anywhere between 12 and 60 h in various clinics (13), but the argument concerning the optimal frequency of insemination mostly focused on the efficiency of single and double IUI.…”

Comparison of the effects of Ginger extract with clomiphene citrate on sex hormones in rats with polycystic ovarian syndrome

“…Female reproductive system disorders such as hormonal and ovarian tissue disorders and how to prevent and treat them are one of the most important issues that researchers have now focused on ( 1 , 2 ). One of the major causes of ovulation disorders is polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) which is the most common endocrine disorder in women.…”

“…One of the most common therapies is the administration of clomiphene citrate with an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin ( 7 ). Clomiphene can be used to improve ovarian function, menstrual pattern, and glucose metabolism in women with PCOS ( 2 , 8 ). As clomiphene has structural similarity to estrogen compounds it could have negative effects on endometrial thickness ( 1 , 8 ).…”

“…As clomiphene has structural similarity to estrogen compounds it could have negative effects on endometrial thickness ( 1 , 8 ). On the other hand, long-term administration of chemical drugs could cause various side effects on human body and today experts believe that we should direct the patient to use herbal medications with lower side effects ( 1 , 2 ).…”