Cloning, mapping, and analyses of expression of the Em-like gene family in soybean [Glycine max (L). Merr.]

Isolation and characterization of an embryo-specific Em-like gene of pedunculate oak (Quercus robur L.) and its temporal and spatial expression patterns during somatic and zygotic embryo development

“…In accordance with this, the QrEm transcript accumulated in ZEs to maximal levels during mid maturation, and declined towards the end of seed development. Similar Em expression patterns have been observed in sunflower (Prieto-Dapena et al 1999), soybean (Calvo et al 1997) and Arabidopsis (Gaubier et al 1993;Vicient et al 2000). On the other hand, in radish seeds and in rice suspension culture, severe dehydration induced high levels of Em mRNA accumulation (Raynal et al 1989;Bostock and Quatrano 1992, respectively), and reached maximal levels in dry seeds of Arabidopsis (Bies et al1998).…”

“…The presence of such a motif is a characteristic feature and was found to repeat from one to four times in some of these proteins, e.g. in cotton , barley (Espelund et al 1992;Stacy et al 1995), Arabidopsis (Gaubier et al 1993), mung bean (Manickam et al 1996), black locust (van Damme and Peumans 1996) and soybean (Calvo et al 1997). It is assumed that a variable number of hydrophilic repeats in the Em proteins imparts their different temporal and spatial expression and thus different functions in the cells (Espelund et al 1992;Gaubier et al 1993;Calvo et al 1997;Vicient et al 2000;Delseny et al 2001).…”

“…in cotton , barley (Espelund et al 1992;Stacy et al 1995), Arabidopsis (Gaubier et al 1993), mung bean (Manickam et al 1996), black locust (van Damme and Peumans 1996) and soybean (Calvo et al 1997). It is assumed that a variable number of hydrophilic repeats in the Em proteins imparts their different temporal and spatial expression and thus different functions in the cells (Espelund et al 1992;Gaubier et al 1993;Calvo et al 1997;Vicient et al 2000;Delseny et al 2001). On the other hand, recent computational analysis of a selected set of 112 LEA protein sequences indicates that the presence or absence of these amino acid motifs is probably more related to some functional patterns of Em proteins, rather than a role in the regulation of expression (Wise 2003).…”

“…However, further dehydration of SEs to more than 30% caused a decline in transcript abundance (lane 12). Manickam et al 1996), barley (B19.4, Espelund et al 1992), Arabidopsis thaliana (AtEm1 and AtEm6, Gaubier et al 1993), soybean (pGmPM11, Calvo et al 1997), Robinia pseudoacacia (EMRP19, van Damme and Peumans 1996), Daucus carota (EMB-1, Ulrich et al 1990) and the waterstress protein from Gossipium hirsutum (LeaA-2A, Galau et al 1992). Amino acid sequences that are conserved among all Em proteins aligned are indicated by asterisks and chemically similar residues are denoted by dots.…”

Composition, Vigor, and Proteome of Mature Soybean Seeds Developed under High Temperature

“…Many LEA proteins have been discovered in soybean (Liu and Zheng, 2005; Porcel et al, 2005; Shih et al, 2004; Soulages et al, 2003; Zhang et al, 2000), but no relationships between LEA protein accumulation to high temperature stress have been reported. The EM protein identified in this study, based on the protein sequence similarity, is likely to be a Sle2 or Sle3 (two of the five LEA protein genes) gene product (Calvo et al, 1997) of group 1 LEA proteins.…”