Closed-Form Direction Finding Using Collocated but Orthogonally Oriented Higher Order Acoustic Sensors

Song, Yang; Wong, Kainam Thomas

doi:10.1109/jsen.2012.2197608

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…15. 13,16 B. A triad of figure-8 sensors in orthogonal orientation and spatial collocation Place three figure-8 sensors at the origin of the Cartesian coordinates and orient one each along the x, y, and z axes.…”

Section: Introduction a "Figure-8" Directional Microphones/hydrophonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order figure-8 microphones/hydrophones collocated as a perpendicular triad—Their “spatial-matched-filter” beam steering

Wong

Song

et al. 2022

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Directional sensors, if collocated but perpendicularly oriented among themselves, would facilitate signal processing to uncouple the azimuth-polar direction from the time-frequency dimension-in addition to the physical advantage of spatial compactness. One such acoustical sensing unit is the well-known "tri-axial velocity sensor" (also known as the "gradient sensor," the "velocity-sensor triad," the "acoustic vector sensor," and the "vector hydrophone"), which comprises three identical figure-8 sensors of the first directivity-order, collocated spatially but oriented perpendicularly of each other. The directivity of the figure-8 sensors is hypothetically raised to a higher order in this analytical investigation with an innocent hope to sharpen the overall triad's directionality and steerability. Against this wishful aspiration, this paper rigorously analyzes how the directivity-order would affect the triad's "spatial-matched-filter" beam's directional steering capability, revealing which directivity-order(s) would allow the beam-pattern of full maneuverability toward any azimuthal direction and which directivity-order(s) cannot. V

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Section: Introduction a "Figure-8" Directional Microphones/hydrophonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Higher-order figure-8 microphones/hydrophones collocated as a perpendicular triad—Their “spatial-matched-filter” beam steering

Wong

Song

et al. 2022

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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“…In 2010, Wu et al obtained the near-field source model of the acoustic vector sensor by using the wave equations of the acoustic and particle velocity fields [5]. In 2012, Song et al proposed to place the components of the three speed directions at the coordinate origin and an acoustic pressure component on one of the coordinate axes; the former is used to estimate the angle of the sound source, and the latter is used to estimate the distance information of the sound source [6]. In the array direction finding, the resolution of the angle with large array spacing will improve correspondingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research on Ambiguity Resolution Algorithm by Quaternion Based on Acoustic Vector Sensor

Wang

et al. 2020

Journal of Sensors

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The increase in element spacing can increase the aperture of the array and improve its resolution performance. However, phase ambiguity will occur when the array element interval is larger than the minimum half wavelength of the incident signal. The three acoustic velocity components of the acoustic vector are ingeniously constructed into a new kind of quaternions because of the special structure of the acoustic vector sensor array, and the rough estimation of the direction of arrival (DOA) is obtained using the rotation relationship between the subarray steering vectors corresponding to quaternion data. The rough estimate is used to resolve the phase ambiguity of the spatial phase difference between the array elements, and the high-precision DOA estimation of the signal can be obtained. Simulation results show that the method is effective.

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“…Please see Ref. 4 for a brief discussion of higher-order figure-8 sensors. (The particle-velocity sensor has an order of k ¼ 1, whereas the isotropic pressure-sensor has an order of k ¼ 0.)…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A higher-order “figure-8” sensor and an isotropic sensor—For azimuth-elevation bivariate direction finding

Muaz

Yu-hua

Wong

et al. 2018

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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A "p-u probe" (also known as a "p-v probe") comprises one pressure-sensor (which is isotropic) and one uni-axial particle-velocity sensor (which has a "figure-8" bi-directional spatial directivity). This p-u probe may be generalized, by allowing the figure-8 bi-directional sensor to have a higher order of directivity. This higher-order p-u probe has not previously been investigated anywhere in the open literature (to the best knowledge of the present authors). For such a sensing system, this paper is first (1) to develop closed-form eigen-based signal-processing algorithms for azimuth-elevation direction finding; (2) to analytically derive the associated Cramér-Rao lower bounds (CRB), which are expressed explicitly in terms of the two constituent sensors' spatial geometry and in terms of the figure-8 sensor's directivity order; (3) to verify (via Monte Carlo simulations) the proposed direction-of-arrival estimators' efficacy and closeness to the respective CRB. Here, the higher-order p-u probe's two constituent sensors may be spatially displaced.

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Closed-Form Direction Finding Using Collocated but Orthogonally Oriented Higher Order Acoustic Sensors

Cited by 17 publications

References 18 publications

Higher-order figure-8 microphones/hydrophones collocated as a perpendicular triad—Their “spatial-matched-filter” beam steering

Higher-order figure-8 microphones/hydrophones collocated as a perpendicular triad—Their “spatial-matched-filter” beam steering

Research on Ambiguity Resolution Algorithm by Quaternion Based on Acoustic Vector Sensor

A higher-order “figure-8” sensor and an isotropic sensor—For azimuth-elevation bivariate direction finding

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