Closing or reproducing the gender gap? Parental transmission, social norms and education choice

Abstract

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Educational outcomes of children from long-term foster care: Does foster parents’ educational attainment matter?

“…However, the difference between males and females were in line with previous findings in the majority population which suggest that boys benefit more than girls do from an advantageous home environment in terms of school performance, that is, GPA (Brenøe & Lundberg, 2018). And further, that later educational choices are same-sex correlated, that is, that mothers' education is more important for daughters while fathers' education is more important for sons (Humlum, Nandrup, & Smith, 2019). This might explain the absence of a gradient in males' educational attainment in relation to FMs' educational level.…”

The gender pay gap in the USA: a matching study

“…This is attributable to his life cycle model of human capital and the resulting different occupational structures between the genders. To the extent that educational choices by women are related to eventual occupational choices, the study of Danish labor markets by Humlum et al (2019) suggests that these may also be affected by parental attitudes to labor markets. The role of maternity and aging on female earnings is confirmed by a comparatively recent strand of the literature which focuses on the labor market behavior of young people to try to ascertain at which stage the gender pay gap first arises.…”

Origins of Gender Norms: Sibling Gender Composition and Women's Choice of Occupation and Partner

“…The family constitutes an essential facet of a child's socialization process. Parents act as important role models and transmit gender norms to their children (Farre and Vella, 2013;Fernández et al, 2004;Humlum et al, 2017;Johnston et al, 2013;Kleven et al, 2018). At the same time, siblings are close peers during childhood and often sustain long-lasting relationships throughout life (McHale et al, 2013).…”