Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes isolated from bile.

Sakaguchi, Yutaku; Murata, Kenjiro; Kimura, Makiko

doi:10.1136/jcp.36.3.345

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…It is known that β‐glucuronidase, produced by E. coli and Clostridium spp. (Sakaguchi et al , 1983; Leung et al , 2001), deconjugates bilirubin, which combines with calcium ions, precipitating as calcium bilirubinate, thus increasing the amount of sludge (Maki et al , 1984). In addition, phospholipase C, which is able to hydrolyze biliary lecithin causing the precipitation of calcium palmitate, has been evidenced in Clostridium spp.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial biofilms associated with biliary stent clogging

Guaglianone

Cardines

Vuotto

et al. 2010

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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Endoscopic stenting is a palliative approach for the treatment of diseases involving biliary obstruction. Its major limitation is represented by stent occlusion, followed by life-threatening cholangitis, often requiring stent removal and replacement. Although it has been suggested that microbial colonization of biliary stents could play a role in the clogging process, the so far available data, particularly on the role of anaerobic bacteria, are not enough for a comprehensive description of this phenomenon. Our study was focused on the analysis of 28 explanted biliary stents by culturing, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis and scanning electron microscopy to identify all the aerobic/anaerobic bacteria and fungi involved in the colonization of devices and to verify the ability of isolated anaerobic bacterial strains to form a biofilm in order to better understand the mechanisms of stent clogging.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial biofilms associated with biliary stent clogging

Guaglianone

Cardines

Vuotto

et al. 2010

FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol

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“…Whilst little precise data is available concerning bile tolerance of Clostridium spp., Clostridium perfringens has been isolated from human and animal bile suggesting an inherent bile tolerance in this pathogen [79,119].…”

Section: Bile Tolerance Of Various Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

The interaction between bacteria and bile

2005

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Commensal and pathogenic microorganisms must resist the deleterious actions of bile in order to survive in the human gastrointestinal tract. Herein we review the current knowledge on the mechanisms by which Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria contend with bile stress. We describe the antimicrobial actions of bile, assess the variations in bile tolerance between bacterial genera and examine the interplay between bile stress and other stresses. The molecular mechanisms underlying bile tolerance are investigated and the relationship between bile and virulence is examined. Finally, the potential benefits of bile research are briefly discussed.

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“…In about half or more of the isolates from bile, a mixed infection is found (9,10,(31)(32)(33). Propionibacterium species were isolated from bile in low frequency and only in single studies (32,34,35).…”

Section: Microbial Species Identified In Bile Biliary Tract and Gallmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of bacteria in gallstone pathogenesis

Swidsinski

Lee²

2001

Front Biosci

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Bacteria are often found in high concentrations in brown pigment and less so in cholesterol gallstones. Although it is intriguing to hypothesize that cholesterol stone formation is non-bacterial in nature and principally different from the pathogenesis of "infectious" brown pigment gallstones, it is more likely that significant overlap exists between the two processes. Most gallstones are composite in nature. Using molecular-genetic methods, bacteria can be found in most pure cholesterol gallstones (i.e. those whose structure consists of more than 90% cholesterol). The natural history of the gallstones development is unknown. It is likely that brown pigment stones can evolve in their chemical composition after the termination of the infectious process that initiate their formation, and may further develop into either mixed or nearly pure cholesterol stones. In a similar fashion, cholesterol-poor or black pigment gallstones may act as foreign bodies to enhance the propensity of bacterial colonization in the presence of pre-existing gallstones or cholangitis, thereby activating pathways of bacterial lithogenesis and resulting in the encasement of cholesterol nuclei with pigment shells and/or in the internal remodeling of extant stones. It is often difficult, if not impossible, to ascertain whether bacterial infection of bile arose before stone formation or vice-versa. The development of gallstones (nucleation, assembly of microcalculi, growth, remodeling) includes the interaction of both bacterial and non-bacterial mechanisms, working discontinuously over years and decades and shaping the structural individuality of each stone. At cholecystectomy, the gallstone removed from the patient represents the end product of a long pathologic process. Although our understanding of the exact temporal contribution of bacteria in lithogenesis is incomplete, it is important for the clinician to realize that most gallstones are colonized by a bacterial biofilm, even though the bile may be culture-negative.

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Clostridium perfringens and other anaerobes isolated from bile.

Cited by 16 publications

References 12 publications

Microbial biofilms associated with biliary stent clogging

Microbial biofilms associated with biliary stent clogging

The interaction between bacteria and bile

The role of bacteria in gallstone pathogenesis

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