Cloud-point extraction is compatible with liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of antazoline in human plasma

Giebułtowicz, Joanna; Kojro, Grzegorz; Piotrowski, Roman; Kułakowski, Piotr; Wroczyński, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2016.05.042

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Despite that, some parameters in this procedure need to be optimized, including surfactant concentration, pH, extraction time, and temperature. Furthermore, it is believed that the CPE method can be extensively applied because of its simplicity, rapid execution speed, and least environmental impact (Giebultowicz et al, 2015;Giebultowicz, Kojro, Piotrowski, Kulakowski, & Wroczynski, 2016;Kojro, Rudzki, Pisklak, & Giebultowicz, 2019).…”

Section: Conventional Pretreatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies to improve the sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods used for bioanalytical studies

Chen

Gao

Zhong

2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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Chromatographic method has long been recognized as the most widely used separation method in bioanalytical research. However, the relatively low sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods remains a significant challenge, as the requirements for experimental procedures become more demanding. This review discusses the main causes for the low sensitivity of chromatographic methods and aims to introduce different technologies for enhancing their sensitivity in the following aspects: (i) different pretreatment methods for improving clean‐up efficiency and recovery; (ii) derivatization step for altering the chromatographic behavior of analytes and enhancing MS ionization efficiency; (iii) optimal LC–MS conditions and appropriate separation mechanism; and (iv) applications of other chromatographic methods, including miniaturized LC, 2D‐LC, 2D‐GC, and supercritical fluid chromatography. Altogether, this review is devoted to summarizing the recent technologies reported in the literature and providing new strategies for the detection of bioanalytes.

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Section: Conventional Pretreatment Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Technologies to improve the sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods used for bioanalytical studies

Chen

Gao

Zhong

2020

Biomedical Chromatography

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“…However, there are only few reports on the application of this extraction technique in bioanalysis. As an example, antazoline was isolated from human plasma by cloud‐point extraction using Triton X‐114 as a surfactant, followed by RP‐HPLC‐electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (LC‐ESI‐MS/MS) analysis (Giebułtowicz, Kojro, Piotrowski, Kułakowski, & Wroczynski, ).…”

Section: Liquid–liquid Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there are only few reports on the application of this extraction technique in bioanalysis. As an example, antazoline was isolated from human plasma by cloud-point extraction using Triton X-114 as a surfactant, followed by RP-HPLC-electrospray ionizationtandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) analysis(Giebułtowicz, Kojro, Piotrowski, Kułakowski, & Wroczynski, 2016b).Solid-supported LLE replaces the separatory funnel in conventional LLE with a small column that contains an inert support, such as diatomaceous earth. The aqueous sample (plasma, urine) is first applied to the column, where it will coat the support.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sample preparation for large‐scale bioanalytical studies based on liquid chromatographic techniques

Medvedovici

Bacalum

David

2017

Biomedical Chromatography

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Quality of the analytical data obtained for large-scale and long term bioanalytical studies based on liquid chromatography depends on a number of experimental factors including the choice of sample preparation method. This review discusses this tedious part of bioanalytical studies, applied to large-scale samples and using liquid chromatography coupled with different detector types as core analytical technique. The main sample preparation methods included in this paper are protein precipitation, liquid-liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, derivatization and their versions. They are discussed by analytical performances, fields of applications, advantages and disadvantages. The cited literature covers mainly the analytical achievements during the last decade, although several previous papers became more valuable in time and they are included in this review.

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“…Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is a modification of liquid–liquid extraction (LLE) that is more friendly to the environment and users, mainly due to lower consumption of organic solvents according to the global trend of "green chemistry.” CPE has also advantages over solid phase extraction (SPE), such as faster and cheaper optimization processes and no need for expensive equipment [ 1 ]. In CPE, the surfactant (such as Triton X-114) in a concentration above the critical micelle concentration (CMC) can exist as a homogeneous isotropic liquid, which separates into two isotropic phases with different concentrations of surfactant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nowadays, the most reliable technique of pharmaceutical determination is liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS). However, there are only a very few papers reporting LC–MS coupled with CPE in drug determination, i.e., in the determination of memantine in rat plasma [ 3 ], and bisoprolol [ 4 ], antazoline [ 1 ], abacavir, efavirenz, lamivudine, and belfinavir in human plasma [ 5 ]. The disadvantage of the CPE–LC–MS, contrary to LLE–LC–MS, is the lower extraction efficiency (recovery).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

et al. 2020

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Cloud-point extraction (CPE) is rarely combined with liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (LC–MS) in drug determination due to the matrix effect (ME). However, we have recently shown that ME is not a limiting factor in CPE. Low extraction efficiency may be improved by salt addition, but none of the salts used in CPE are suitable for LC–MS. It is the first time that the influences of a volatile salt—ammonium acetate (AA)—on the CPE extraction efficiency and ME have been studied. Our modification of CPE included also the use of ethanol instead of acetonitrile to reduce the sample viscosity and make the method more environmentally friendly. We developed and validated CPE–LC–MS for the simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in plasma that can be useful for clinical and forensic toxicology. The selected parameters included Triton X-114 concentration (1.5 and 6%, w/v), concentration of AA (0, 10, 20 and 30%, w/v), and pH (3.5, 6.8 and 10.2). The addition of 10% of AA increased recovery twice. For 20 and 30% (w/v) of AA, three phases were formed that prolonged the extraction process. The developed CPE method (6% Triton X-114, 10% AA, pH 10.2) was successfully validated through LC–MS/MS simultaneous determination of 21 antidepressants in human plasma. The linearity was in the range of 10–750 ng/mL (r2 > 0.990).

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Cloud-point extraction is compatible with liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the determination of antazoline in human plasma

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Technologies to improve the sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods used for bioanalytical studies

Technologies to improve the sensitivity of existing chromatographic methods used for bioanalytical studies

Sample preparation for large‐scale bioanalytical studies based on liquid chromatographic techniques

Determination of Antidepressants in Human Plasma by Modified Cloud-Point Extraction Coupled with Mass Spectrometry

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