Based on the currently largest available dataset of phytoplankton in lakes in northern Europe, we quantified the responses of three major phytoplankton classes to eutrophication.Responses were quantified by modeling the proportional biovolumes of a given group along the eutrophication gradient, using generalized additive models. Chlorophyll-a was chosen as a proxy for eutrophication because all classes showed more consistent responses to Chlorophyll-a than to total phosphorus.Chrysophytes often dominate in (ultra-) oligotrophic lakes, and showed a clear decrease along the eutrophication gradient. Pennate diatoms were found to be most abundant at moderate eutrophication level (spring-samples). Cyanobacteria often dominate under eutrophic conditions, especially in clear-water lakes at chlorophyll-a levels > 10 µg L -1 (late summer samples).We compare the relationships among types of lakes, based on the lake typology of the northern geographic intercalibration group, and among countries sharing common lake types. Significant differences were found especially between humic and clear-water lakes, and between low-and moderately alkaline lakes, but we could not identify significant differences between shallow and deep lakes.Country-specific differences in response curves were especially pronounced between lakes in Norway and Finland, while Swedish lakes showed an intermediate pattern, indicating that countryspecific differences reflect large-scale geographic and climatic differences in the study area.REBECCA MS no.04