Clustering of Cases of Insulin Dependent Diabetes (IDDM) Occurring Three Years After Hemophilus Influenza B (HiB) Immunization Support Causal Relationship Between Immunization and IDDM

Classen, John Barthelow; Classen, David C.

doi:10.1080/08916930290028175

Cited by 43 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…We previously proved the hemophilus vaccine causes IDDM in children and mice [1]. In a prior report we showed a rise in the incidence of IDDM in New Zealand following a massive hepatitis B vaccine program [3,10].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A large prospective clinical trial showed the hemophilus B vaccine caused clusters of cases of IDDM occurring between 36 to 48 months after vaccination [1]. The pertussis and MMR vaccine were associated with cluster of cases of IDDM occurring 24 to 48 months after immunization [2].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Data from a large prospective clinical trial proved the hemophilus b vaccine causes type 1, insulin dependent diabetes (IDDM) [1]. Clusters of cases of vaccine induced IDDM occurred starting 36 months after immunization.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Classen¹

2008

TOPEDJ

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Abstract:Background: Previous studies demonstrated clusters of cases of IDDM occurring 24 to 48 months after immunization with the hemophilus, pertussis and combined measles mumps rubella vaccines. Data was analyzed to determine if similar clustering of cases of IDDM occurred after immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine. Methods: Data on the incidence of IDDM from hepatitis B immunized and unimmunized cohorts of children was analyzed for the presence of clusters occurring after hepatitis B immunization. Results: Data from Italy, France, and New Zealand indicated rises in the incidence of IDDM occurred between 24 to 48 months after the introduction of the hepatitis B immunization in young children. Conclusion: Several different vaccines as well as infections with natural mumps virus are followed by clusters of cases of IDDM that occur about 24 to 48 months after immunization. This suggests a similar mechanism of action, possibly the triggering of a progressive autoimmune phenomenon.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Classen¹

2008

TOPEDJ

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“…Increased immunization can explain both epidemics. Type 1 diabetes has previously been linked to immunization [18,19,40]. BCG vaccine has been previously associated with an increased risk of type 1 diabetes [1] and is now associated with an increased risk of type 2 diabetes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The proposed mechanism is that type 1 and type 2 diabetes are polar opposite aberrant responses to immunization and other immune stimulants. Immune stimulation with vaccines causes some with low cortisol activity to develop an autoimmune disease including type 1 diabetes [18,19]. It is known that decreases in cortisol following adrenalectomy leads to increased rates of type 1 diabetes in mice [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Discontinuation of BCG Vaccination Precedes Significant Drop in Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Children. Role of Inflammation and Cortisol Activity as a Cause of Type 2 Diabetes

Classen¹

2008

TOEJ

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BCG immunization was routinely given to elementary and junior high school students in Japan until it was abruptly discontinued after 2002. Data on the incidence of type 2 diabetes was analyzed to see if there was a change following discontinuation of BCG. The incidence of type 2 diabetes dropped by over 50% in children from Tokyo following discontinuation of BCG immunization, the relative risk reached 2.78 (95% confidence interval 1. 03 -7.480). This drop appears to be more significant given the epidemic of type 2 diabetes in children around the world. The increased secretion of cortisol following immunization is thought to result in metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. Japanese children produce larger amounts of cortisol following immunization than White children. This increased production of cortisol may explain why Japanese children have a high risk of type 2 diabetes but low risk of type 1 diabetes compared to White children. The proposed mechanism may explain the epidemic of obesity which starts in children under 6 months of age.Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, BCG, vaccine, cortisol, inflammation. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODSBCG vaccine has been linked to an increased risk of type 1 diabetes [1]. BCG immunization was routinely given to Japanese elementary school children age 6 to 7 and junior high school children age 12 to 13 since prior to 1982. Immunization was discontinued at the end of 2002 [2]. BCG immunization rates were provided by The Research Institute of Tuberculosis, JATA. The incidence of type 2 diabetes in all elementary and all junior high school students in Tokyo Japan has been recorded since 1974 [3][4][5] and verified data has been published through 2004 [5]. Data on the incidence of type 2 diabetes was analyzed to determine if the incidence declined after discontinuation of BCG vaccine. Only incidence data of type 2 diabetes after 1982 was used because the age of BCG immunization changed in 1982 and this may explain the decreased incidence of diabetes prior to this time. Statistics were performed using Epiinfo 2000, CDC, Atlanta GA and a internet based Poisson calculator. A two stratification analysis was performed with one stratification using data from elementary school children and one stratification using data from junior high school students. Both Poisson and the more conservative Mantel-Haensel Weighted Relative Risk calculation was performed and Greenland/Robins Confidence Limits created. The P values with both methods were less than 0.05, with the later being less significant. RESULTSThe results (Table 1) show that BCG immunization was associated with an relative risk of 2.78 (1.03

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Vaccinations and Type 1 Diabetes

Antonelli

Ferrari

Domenicantonio

et al. 2015

Vaccines and Autoimmunity

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Clustering of Cases of Insulin Dependent Diabetes (IDDM) Occurring Three Years After Hemophilus Influenza B (HiB) Immunization Support Causal Relationship Between Immunization and IDDM

Abstract: Exposure to HiB immunization is associated with an increased risk of IDDM. NOD mice can be used as an animal model of vaccine induced diabetes.

Cited by 43 publications

References 17 publications

Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Discontinuation of BCG Vaccination Precedes Significant Drop in Type 2 Diabetes in Japanese Children. Role of Inflammation and Cortisol Activity as a Cause of Type 2 Diabetes

Vaccinations and Type 1 Diabetes

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