CNMAN: a Chinese adult male voxel phantom constructed from color photographs of a visible anatomical data set

Zhang, Binquan; Ma, Jingfei; Liu, Liye; Cheng, Jianping

doi:10.1093/rpd/ncm184

Cited by 52 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Three voxel phantoms representing an adult Chinese male have been reported since 2007: CNMAN produced from color photographs of a cadaver by the China Institute for Radiation Protection [85], VCH produced from a different set of cadaver color photographs by the Huazhong University of Science and Technology [86][87][88], and CVP produced from MR images by Tsinghua University [89,51] [89] at the Key Laboratory of Particle and Radiation Imaging in Beijing. The phantom was named the Chinese voxel phantom (CVP) and was used to determine conversion coefficients for the Chinese populace.…”

Section: Second-generation Voxel Phantoms (From Late 1980 To Early 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Phantoms for Organ Dose Calculations in Radiation Protection and Imaging

2013

The Phantoms of Medical and Health Physics

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Dosimetry for ionizing radiation has to do with the determination of amount and distribution pattern of the energy deposited in a part or parts of the human body from internal or external radiation sources. To protect against occupational exposures, dose limits for radiosensitive organs are recommended by international organizations and are adopted as national regulations. In both diagnostic radiology and nuclear medicine, X-ray photons and gamma rays traverse through body tissues to form images of the anatomy, depositing radiation energy in organs along the pathway via secondary electrons. Accurate radiation dosimetry is essential but also quite challenging for three reasons: (1) there are many diverse exposure scenarios resulting in unique spatial and temporal relationships between the source and human body; (2) an exposure can involve multiple radiation types, each of which is governed by different radiation physics principles, such as photons (X-ray photons, gamma rays, and positrons), electrons, alpha particles, neutrons, and protons; (3) the human body consists of a large number of anatomical structures of diverse shape, composition and density, leading to complex radiation interaction patterns. Since it is inconvenient to place a dosimeter inside the human body, organ dose estimates have been obtained mostly using a physical phantom or a computational phantom that mimics the interior and exterior anatomical features of the human body.Historically, the term phantom was used in most radiological science literature to mean a physical model of the human body. In the radiation protection community, however, the term has also been used to refer to a mathematically defined anatomical model that is distinctly different from a physiologically based model such as that related to respiration or blood flow. In this chapter, the phrases, ''computational phantom'' and ''physical phantom,'' are used to avoid confusion.

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Section: Second-generation Voxel Phantoms (From Late 1980 To Early 20mentioning

confidence: 99%

Computational Phantoms for Organ Dose Calculations in Radiation Protection and Imaging

2013

The Phantoms of Medical and Health Physics

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“…In addition, researchers developed some Asian reference phantoms based on the Asian Standard Man data (Saito et al, 2001;Lee et al 2004Lee et al , 2006Sato et al, 2007;Zhang et al, 2007;Li et al, 2009). Although the discrepancies between the organ masses and volumes of different Caucasian reference phantoms are fairly small, their mirihakim@ferdowsi.um.ac.ir organ doses in the photon fields differ significantly in some situations Ferrari et al, 2005;Zhang et al, 2009b;Kramer et al, 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A study of the effect of the lung shape on the lung absorbed dose in six standard photon and neutron exposure geometries

2015

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-According to the published results of radiation dosimetry studies, there are significant discrepancies in the organ absorbed doses of existing adult male phantoms. As stated, differences in the organ absorbed doses may be associated with the variations in the organs' volumes, shapes and positions in the body frame. Therefore, this paper focuses on the effect of the lung shape on the lung absorbed dose by creating a series of voxel phantoms, in which the lung shape follows a statistical distribution. These phantoms were exposed to mono-energetic photons and neutrons in six standard irradiation geometries. The results show that when the phantom is irradiated by the low-energy photons, the effects of the lung shape on the lung absorbed dose are considerable (with an uncertainty of more than 100%). For the other irradiation conditions, the variation in the lung shape causes an uncertainty of less than 10% in the dose delivered to the lung.

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“…Various MC computer codes have been used so far: 'FLUktuierende KAskade' (FLUKA) (25) , 'Monte Carlo N-Particle' (MCNP) (26 -33) , 'Electron Gamma Shower' (EGS) (5,6,34,35) , 'PENetration and Energy LOss of Positrons and Electrons' (PENELOPE) (32) , 'GEometry ANd Tracking' (GEANT) (36) or local codes developed ad hoc (37) . MC calculation has been used to compare different mathematical phantoms used in WBCs (10,26,27,29,31,35,38) or to compare the measurements obtained with a physical phantom with the results obtained by a simulated version of this phantom (5,6,30,35,37) . MC calculations are also used to investigate how the counting efficiency of the WCB depends on various parameters of the system that may be sources of uncertainty, such as the difference between the shape and size of the person to be monitored and the phantom, the measuring geometry, notably the position of the detector, the phantomdetector distance, the distribution of the radionuclides in the body, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo simulation of a whole-body counter using IGOR phantoms

Bochud

Laedermann

Baechler

et al. 2013

Radiation Protection Dosimetry

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Whole-body counting is a technique of choice for assessing the intake of gamma-emitting radionuclides. An appropriate calibration is necessary, which is done either by experimental measurement or by Monte Carlo (MC) calculation. The aim of this work was to validate a MC model for calibrating whole-body counters (WBCs) by comparing the results of computations with measurements performed on an anthropomorphic phantom and to investigate the effect of a change in phantom's position on the WBC counting sensitivity. GEANT MC code was used for the calculations, and an IGOR phantom loaded with several types of radionuclides was used for the experimental measurements. The results show a reasonable agreement between measurements and MC computation. A 1-cm error in phantom positioning changes the activity estimation by >2 %. Considering that a 5-cm deviation of the positioning of the phantom may occur in a realistic counting scenario, this implies that the uncertainty of the activity measured by a WBC is ∼10-20 %.

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CNMAN: a Chinese adult male voxel phantom constructed from color photographs of a visible anatomical data set

Cited by 52 publications

References 20 publications

Computational Phantoms for Organ Dose Calculations in Radiation Protection and Imaging

Computational Phantoms for Organ Dose Calculations in Radiation Protection and Imaging

A study of the effect of the lung shape on the lung absorbed dose in six standard photon and neutron exposure geometries

Monte Carlo simulation of a whole-body counter using IGOR phantoms

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