Co-Administration of Monoisoamyl Dimercaptosuccinic Acid andMoringa OleiferaSeed Powder Protects Arsenic-Induced Oxidative Stress and Metal Distribution in Mice

Abstract

Arsenic contamination of groundwater in the West Bengal basin in India is unfolding as one of the worst natural geo-environmental disasters to date. Chelation therapy with chelating agents is considered to be the best known treatment against arsenic poisoning; however, they are compromised with certain serious drawbacks/side-effects. Efficacy of combined administration of Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) (English: Drumstick tree) seed powder, a herbal extract, with a thiol chelator monoisoamyl DMSA (MiADMSA) post-arsenic exposure in mice was studied. Mice were exposed to 100 ppm arsenic in drinking water for 6 months, followed by 10-days treatment with M. oleifera seed powder (500 mg/kg, orally through gastric gavage, once daily), MiADMSA (50 mg/kg, intraperitoneally, once daily) either individually or in combination. Arsenic exposure caused significant decrease in blood glutathione, delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD), accompanied by increased production of reactive oxygen species in blood and soft tissues. Significant inhibition of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities in tissues (liver in particular) along with significant increase in thiobarbituric acid reactive substances and metallothionein levels in arsenic intoxicated mice was also noted. Combined administration of MiADMSA with M. oleifera proved better than all other treatments in the recovery of most of the above parameters accompanied by more pronounced depletion of arsenic. The results suggest that concomitant administration of M. oleifera during chelation treatment with MiADMSA might be a better treatment option than monotherapy with the thiol chelator in chronic arsenic toxicity.

Dietary Yucca schidigera supplementation reduces arsenic-induced oxidative stress in Swiss albino mice

“…The results of the present study demonstrated that supplementation of mice with Ys effectively protected the mice against arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by a dose-dependent decrease in serum AST and ALT activity. On the other hand, Mishra et al (2009) reported that 100 ppm arsenic in drinking water for 6 months decreased ALT and AST activity in liver of mice. Sharma et al (2007) also reported that intraperitoneally treatment with 4 mg/kg bw sodium arsenite for 30 days resulted in a significant increase in acid phosphatase, ALP, serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase and serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase content, whereas a significant decrease was recorded in lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the liver of mice.…”

“…Increased oxidative stress represents an imbalance between intracellular production of free radicals and the cellular defence mechanisms; notably, MDA is one of the most important markers of oxidative stress. Extensive research demonstrated that arsenic causes oxidative stress in a dose- and time-dependent manner (Lantz and Hays, 2006) and increase the levels of MDA, deplete GSH and decrease activities of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT (Chattopadhyay et al, 2012; Mishra et al, 2009; Santra et al 2000; Sharma et al, 2007). The enhanced production of blood and tissue lipid peroxides observed in our study is in agreement with other studies.…”

Natural Antioxidants Against Arsenic-Induced Genotoxicity

“…However, the exact mechanism is not clear but it is thought that vitamin C might have protected the formation of poorly ionized but soluble complexes [160]. Concomitant administration of M. oleifera seed powder during chelation treatment with MiADMSA resulted in increased recovery of altered biochemical variables accompanied by more pronounced depletion of arsenic from the blood and soft tissues of mice as compared to monotherapy with MiADMSA [161]. One reason behind this protection may be the presence of high amount of cysteine-and methionine-rich proteins in M. oleifera seed powder whose interactions may favor enhanced arsenic detoxification.…”

Co-administration of adjuvants along withMoringa oleiferaattenuates beryllium-induced oxidative stress and histopathological alterations in rats

“…Both enzymes play an important role in the elimination of ROS and act as the key component of cellular defense system against oxidative stress. SOD converts superoxide (O 2À ) to hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and is a major defense system for aerobic cells in combating toxic effects of superoxide radical (Mishra et al, 2009). Catalase decomposes hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) into H 2 O and O 2 and protects the tissue from highly reactive hydroxyl radicals.…”