Co-circulation of four types of infectious bronchitis virus (793/B, 624/I, B1648 and Massachusetts)

Abstract

Eighteen isolates of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) from

Detection of infectious bronchitis virus

“…Several studies (Lin et al, 1991;Kwon et al, 1993b;Keeler et al, 1998) have reported a high correlation between the genotype and serotype of strains, while other papers present conflicting data between the genotype and serotype and/or protectotype (Clewley et al, 1981;Kusters et al, 1987;Capua et al, 1998;Hein et al, 1998;Minta et al, 1998). Also, genotyping a strain by two different genotyping methods may result in contradictory results (Capua et al, 1998(Capua et al, , 1999.…”

“…There are several reports on serotyping by the HI test (Lashgari & Newman, 1984;Brown & Bracewell, 1985;Toro et al, 1987;Cook et al, 1987;Capua et al, 1998Capua et al, , 1999. Brown & Bracewell (1985) found high cross-reactions between serotypes in the HI test.…”

“…Traditionally, strain classification into serotypes has been by VNTs performed in various systems, including embryonated eggs (Dawson & Gough, 1971;Cunningham, 1973;Cowen & Hitchner, 1975;Lohr, 1976Lohr, , 1977Gelb et al, 1981Gelb et al, , 1989Gelb et al, , 1991Davelaar et al, 1984;Picault et al, 1986;Karaca et al, 1990;Cubillos et al, 1991;Capua et al, 1998), cell culture (Hopkins, 1974;Cowen & Hitchner, 1975;Wadey & Faragher, 1981;Csermelyi et al, 1988), or TOCs (Johnson & Marquardt, 1975;Darbyshire et al, 1979;Cook, 1984;Cook et al, 1987Cook et al, , 1999Hinze et al, 1991;Ignjatovic & McWaters, 1991;Cubillos et al, 1991;Parsons et al, 1992;Dhinakar Raj & Jones, 1996b;Ignjatovic & Ashton, 1996;Wang et al, 1997). There are several reports on serotyping by the HI test (Lashgari & Newman, 1984;Brown & Bracewell, 1985;Toro et al, 1987;Cook et al, 1987;Capua et al, 1998Capua et al, , 1999.…”

“…A disadvantage of genotyping for use in the field is that direct translation of information about (usually a part of) the genome of an IBV strain to biological function or antigenicity of the virus is not possible or is not without risk. Isolates of the same serotype or protectotype can differ substantially in some genes (Cavanagh et al, 1992a), while different serotypes or protectotypes can have remarkably high similarity between their genomes (Clewley et al, 1981, Kusters et al, 1987Williams et al, 1992;Cavanagh et al, 1992a,b;Capua et al, 1998;Minta et al, 1998). Several studies (Lin et al, 1991;Kwon et al, 1993b;Keeler et al, 1998) have reported a high correlation between the genotype and serotype of strains, while other papers present conflicting data between the genotype and serotype and/or protectotype (Clewley et al, 1981;Kusters et al, 1987;Capua et al, 1998;Hein et al, 1998;Minta et al, 1998).…”

“…If a group-specific test is required, the RT-PCR must amplify a conserved region of IBV present in all IBV strains (Andreasen et al, 1991). When the primer used does not recognize all IBVs, false negative results occur (Jackwood et al, 1997;Capua et al, 1998), and are assumed for Lin et al (1991) by Zwaagstra et al (1992). The primers for group-specific RT-PCR tests are, therefore, usually annealed to segments of the IBV in the membrane protein or nucleocapsid protein genes (Andreasen et al, 1991).…”