Co-combustion of shredder residues and municipal solid waste in a Swedish municipal solid waste incinerator

The European directive 2000/53/EC implies a "reuse and recovery" rate for end-of-life vehicles (ELVs) of 95% to be reached by the year 2015. One of the options to increase the actual average European "reuse and recovery" rate of approximately 78% (EU 15, 2008) is incineration of automotive shredder residue (ASR) with energy-recovery. The mass balance and the congener fingerprints for PCDD/Fs, dioxin-like PCBs, PCBs and PAHs in a real scale fluidized bed combustor (FBC) incinerating 25% ASR with 25% refuse derived fuel (RDF) and 50% waste water treatment sludge (WWT sludge) were investigated. The PCDD/F, dioxin-like PCB, PCB and PAH concentrations in this input waste mix were more than hundred times higher than in the usual waste feed of the incinerator (30% RFD and 70% WWT sludge). In the outputs of the FBC, however, the concentrations of these POP groups were comparable or only slightly higher than in the outputs generated during the incineration of the usual waste feed. The considered POPs in the waste were destroyed efficiently and the formation of new POPs during cooling of the flue gas appeared to a large extent independent of the POP concentrations in the incinerated waste.

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“…Also Aae Redin et al [9] and Börjeson et al [8] reported the lower concentration values for PCBs in ASR.…”

Section: Pop Concentrations In the Input Wastesmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…ASR is indeed known to contain high concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and also plasticizers such as di-2-ethylhexyl-phthalate (DEHP) [6][7][8][9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass balance for POPs in a real scale fluidized bed combustor co-incinerating automotive shredder residue

Caneghem

Block

Vermeulen

et al. 2010

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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“…Automotive shredder residue (ASR) is a waste stream known to contain high concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs and also plasticizers such as di-2-ethylhexylphtalate (DEHP) [12][13][14][15]. ASR is the fraction that remains at the end of the end-oflife vehicle's (ELVs) dismantling and recycling process, typically consisting of dismantling of reusable and/or hazardous parts, shredding of the car hulk followed by mechanical recovery of metals and in some cases plastics.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Destruction and formation of PCDD/Fs in a fluidised bed combustor co-incinerating automotive shredder residue with refuse derived fuel and wastewater treatment sludge

Caneghem

Vermeulen

Block

et al. 2012

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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During an eight day trial automotive shredder residue (ASR) was added to the usual waste feed of a Fluidized Bed Combustor (FBC) for waste-to-energy conversion; the input waste mix consisted of 25% ASR, 25% refuse-derived fuel (RDF) and 50% wastewater treatment (WWT) sludge. All inputs and outputs were sampled and the concentration of the 17 PCDD/Fs with TEF-values was determined in order to obtain "PCDD/F fingerprints". The ASR contained approximately 9000 ng PCDD/Fs/kg(DW), six times more than the RDF and 10 times more than the WWT sludge. The fingerprint of ASR and RDF was dominated by HpCDD and OCDD, which accounted for 90% of the total PDDD/F content, whereas the WWT sludge contained relatively more HpCDFs and OCDF (together 70%). The flue gas cleaning residue (FGCR) and fly and boiler ash contained approximately 30,000 and 2500 ng PCDD/Fs/kg(DW), respectively. The fingerprints of these outputs were also dominated by HpCDFs and OCDF. The bottom ash contained only OCDD and OCDF, in total 8 ng PCDD/Fs/kg (DW). From the comparison of the bottom ash fingerprints with the fingerprints of the other output fractions and of the inputs, it could be concluded that the PCDD/Fs in the waste were destroyed and new PCDD/Fs were formed in the post combustion process by de novo synthesis. During the ASR-co-incineration, the PCDD/F congener concentrations in the fly and boiler ash, FGCR and flue gas were 1.25-10 times higher compared to the same output fractions generated during incineration of the usual waste mix (70% RDF and 30% WWT sludge). The concentration of the higher chlorinated PCDD/Fs increased most. As these congeners have the lowest TEF-factors, the total PCDD/F output, expressed in kg TEQ/year, of the FBC did not increase significantly when ASR was co-incinerated. Due to the relatively high copper levels in the ASR, the copper concentrations in the FBCs outputs increased. As copper catalysis the de novo syntheses, this could explain the increase in PCDD/F concentrations in these outputs.

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“…Indeed, these persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are unintentionally formed in the incinerator and found in the output (Sakai et al, 1999;Abad et al, 2000;Sakai et al, 2001;Abad et al, 2002). The waste to be incinerated, however, also contains a range of POPs (Wilken et al, 1992;Mark et al, 1998;Sakai et al, 1998;Sakai et al, 1999; Aae Redin et al, 2001;Sakai et al, 2001;Vehlow et al, 2002;Tange and Drohmann, 2005;Ishikawa et al, 2007;Morf et al, 2007;Schlummer et al, 2007). It is generally assumed that the incoming POPs are destroyed during incineration and that during the cooling of the flue gases new PCDD/Fs and PCBs are formed through precursors or through de novo synthesis (Everaert and Baeyens, 2002;McKay, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass balance for POPs in hazardous and municipal solid waste incinerators

Caneghem

Block

Brecht³

et al. 2010

Chemosphere

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The amount of different persistent organic pollutants (POPs) in the input of waste incinerators was compared to that in the output. Three cases were considered: a rotary kiln incinerating hazardous waste, a grate furnace incinerating municipal solid waste (MSW) and the same grate furnace co-incinerating plastics of waste of electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) and automotive shredder residue (ASR) with MSW. The mass balance for PCBs in the rotary kiln indicates that these POPs are destroyed effectively during incineration. The grate furnace can be a sink or source of PCDD/Fs and PCBs depending on the concentrations in the incinerated waste. In order to compare the total amount of POPs in input and output, a methodology was developed whereby the amount of POPs was weighed according to minimal risk doses (MRDs) or cancer potency factors. For both incinerators the PCDD/Fs, PCBs and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are the main contributors to total weighed POP output. In MSW, the PCDD/Fs, PBDD/Fs and polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) are the main contributors to the weighed POP input. The ratios of the weighed POP-input over -output clearly indicate that the rotary kiln incinerating hazardous waste is a weighed POP sink. The grate furnace incinerating MSW is a weighed POP sink or source depending on the POP-concentrations in the waste, but the difference between output and input is rather limited. When e.g. ASR and plastics of WEEE, containing high concentrations of PBDEs and PCBs, are co-incinerated in the grate furnace, it is clearly a weighed POP sink.

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Co-combustion of shredder residues and municipal solid waste in a Swedish municipal solid waste incinerator

Cited by 18 publications

References 9 publications

Mass balance for POPs in a real scale fluidized bed combustor co-incinerating automotive shredder residue

Mass balance for POPs in a real scale fluidized bed combustor co-incinerating automotive shredder residue

Destruction and formation of PCDD/Fs in a fluidised bed combustor co-incinerating automotive shredder residue with refuse derived fuel and wastewater treatment sludge

Mass balance for POPs in hazardous and municipal solid waste incinerators

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