Coastal GNSS-R phase altimetry based on the combination of L1 and L5 signals under high sea states

He, Yunqiao; Gao, Fan; Xu, Tianhe; Meng, Xinyue; Wang, Nazi; Ning, Baojiao

doi:10.1007/s00190-023-01712-6

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…For cGNSS-R, we have designed a GNSS-R SDR based on Matlab for sea surface altimetry and soil moisture monitoring. This SDR can process L1, L2, L5, B1, and B2 band signals, and several ship-borne [51], coastal [52,116,117], and land-borne [118] experiments have verified its satisfactory performance. Because of a lot of cross-correlation in GNSS-R data processing, this SDR can only perform post-processing.…”

Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…However, when the sea becomes rough, the phase cannot be continuously tracked, and the phase altimetry fails. Therefore, we proposed a dual-frequency combination method for reflected signals to solve the problem of phase tracking under a high sea state [116]. The main equations of this proposed method are shown in Figure 12.…”

Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Especially with the development of the Chinese BDS system, more GEO Figure 12. Equations of the proposed phase combination method for GNSS-R altimetry referenced from [116].…”

Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure12. Equations of the proposed phase combination method for GNSS-R altimetry referenced from[116].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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GNSS Reflectometry-Based Ocean Altimetry: State of the Art and Future Trends

Xu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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For the past 20 years, Global Navigation Satellite System reflectometry (GNSS-R) technology has successfully shown its potential for remote sensing of the Earth’s surface, including ocean and land surfaces. It is a multistatic radar that uses the GNSS signals reflected from the Earth’s surface to extract land and ocean characteristics. Because of its numerous advantages such as low cost, multiple signal sources, and all-day/weather and high-spatiotemporal-resolution observations, this new technology has attracted the attention of many researchers. One of its most promising applications is GNSS-R ocean altimetry, which can complement existing techniques such as tide gauging and radar satellite altimetry. Since this technology for ocean altimetry was first proposed in 1993, increasing progress has been made including diverse methods for processing reflected signals (such as GNSS interferometric reflectometry, conventional GNSS-R, and interferometric GNSS-R), different instruments (such as an RHCP antenna with one geodetic receiver, a linearly polarized antenna, and a system of simultaneously used RHCP and LHCP antennas with a dedicated receiver), and different platform applications (such as ground-based, air-borne, or space-borne). The development of multi-mode and multi-frequency GNSS, especially for constructing the Chinese BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3), has enabled more free signals to be used to further promote GNSS-R applications. The GNSS has evolved from its initial use of GPS L1 and L2 signals to include other GNSS bands and multi-GNSS signals. Using more advanced, multi-frequency, and multi-mode signals will bring new opportunities to develop GNSS-R technology. In this paper, studies of GNSS-R altimetry are reviewed from four perspectives: (1) classifications according to different data processing methods, (2) different platforms, (3) development of different receivers, and (4) our work. We overview the current status of GNSS-R altimetry and describe its fundamental principles, experiments, recent applications to ocean altimetry, and future directions.

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Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Gnss-r Altimetry With Two Antennasmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GNSS Reflectometry-Based Ocean Altimetry: State of the Art and Future Trends

Xu,

Wang,

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…The software includes separate channels for processing direct and reflected signals. To provide a reference for processing reflected signals, direct signals are tracked using a closed-loop phase-locked loop and DLL [23][24][25]. Subsequently, reflected signals are cross-correlated with a group of local replica signals at various delays to produce the complex delay waveform.…”

Section: Plos Onementioning

confidence: 99%

An adaptive fusion algorithm for coastal sea altimetry based on dual-frequency Beidou-R carrier phase

Xing,

Yang,

Zhang

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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This article proposes an integer ambiguity determination method based on Beidou system-reflectometry (Beidou-R) observations of the carrier phase at the B1I and B3I frequencies. To enhance the accuracy of sea surface height (SSH) estimation, this study introduces a parallel filtering algorithm and an adaptive iterative fusion algorithm, enabling data fusion based on the variance at B1I and B3I frequencies. To validate and evaluate the proposed method, a coastal experiment was conducted at the Shenxian River. In this experiment, reflected signals from GEO and IGSO satellites were collected. Data analysis reveals that the method is effective, demonstrating that the root mean square error (RMSE) of SSH achieves 2.85 cm and 2.89 cm for PRN 04 and PRN 33, respectively. Furthermore, the impact of the elevation angle on measurement accuracy is analyzed. This study aims to propose a method to enhance coastal sea surface height estimation, offering potential advancements in sea surface altimetry.

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