Cobalt, titanium and PMMA bone cement debris influence on mouse osteoblast cell elasticity, spring constant and calcium production activity

Abstract

Osteoblast cells exhibit nanomechanical changes of after exposure to titanium, cobalt and PMMA particles simulating joint devices replacements wear debris.

Cobalt and titanium nanoparticles influence on mesenchymal stem cell elasticity and turgidity

“…It has been noted that the elasticity of cells can only be stretched by 2-4% before the membrane ruptures [41], [48]; therefore, a reduction in cell elasticity must be coupled with a reduction in turgidity in order to minimise the cell volume variation. Our results ( Figure 5 and Figure 6) exhibited the anticipated trend that was also reported by Preedy et al 2015 [27] for osteoblast cells.…”

“…On the other hand, epiflurescent microscopy showed the morphology of the cells to be altered (bleeping) (Figure 3), these alternations are likely linked with the changes in the mechanical properties measured using AFM ( Figure 5 and Figure 6). The metal nanoparticles used in this study had a similar effect on metabolic activity of mouse osteoblast cells [27]. Nonetheless, in osteoblast cells reduced metabolic activity was still recorded after 3 days of exposure to nanoparticles while in the MSC employed in this work did not exhibit this as effects were detected only after in the first two days of exposure ( Figure 1).…”

“…Hence, the ability to measure mechanical properties of cells at different levels, in particular the nano-level, might be considered a powerful method to assess cell and tissue functionality. Recently, there has been a significant increase in number of studies investigating mechanical properties of cell/tissue [26], [27]. Investigations of the impact of diverse physiological conditions on the mechanical properties of various cells, expressed mainly as stiffness, and quantified by the Young's modulus have given us a new understanding of the cell; leading to discoveries of complex pathways that govern cell responses and functionality [28]- [30].…”

Cobalt and Titanium nanoparticles influence on human osteoblast mitochondrial activity and biophysical properties of their cytoskeleton

“…Moreover, particles concentrations used in this study were the same range as studies and found in patient tissues [29], [35]. Moreover, no difference between Ti oxides and Ti elemental nanoparticles was found on the mitochondrial activity and mechanical properties of cells; [36], [37] similarly, Co oxide had the same effects as elemental Co [38]. Therefore the experimental conditions closely resemble in vivo situations.…”

Poly-beta-amino-esters nano-vehicles based drug delivery system for cartilage

“…We chose to use two tests as single assay could be inconclusive; for example a reduced metabolic activity could be interpreted as a reduction of viable cells if only MTT was employed 44, 45. Both tests revealed that chondrocytes were not affected by the presence of PBAE in the media (Figure 5) such providing essential information for future medical applications of the drug delivery system proposed in this work.…”