Cocaine-Associated Accelerated Hypertension and Renal Failure

Thakur,; Godley, Clifford; Weed, Sherrolyn G.; Me, Cook; Hoffman, E P.

doi:10.1097/00000441-199612000-00008

Cited by 31 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…One in vitro study (29) suggested that cocaine increases the predisposition to atherosclerosis by enhancing the permeability of the vascular endothelium and thereby the diffusion of atherogenic lipoproteins into the intima. Furthermore, cocaine has been associated with accelerated and malignant hypertension as well as with hastening the progression of hypertensive nephrosclerosis to ESRD (30,31), although confirmation by renal biopsy was not attained. The mechanism by which cocaine use may cause HRC in the studied patients is unclear, although the atherogenic activity of the drug may be implicated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine Use and Hypertensive Renal Changes in HIV-Infected Individuals

Fine

Garg

Haas

et al. 2007

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background and objectives: Cocaine causes kidney damage, but data linking cocaine use to chronic kidney disease in HIV patients is not described. This study was conducted to evaluate the possible association of cocaine use and histopathologic findings on biopsy in this population.Design, setting, participants, & measurements: Kidney biopsies that were performed in HIV-infected patients during the course of 11 yr were reviewed. Demographic and clinical data were collected. Hypertensive changes were defined on the basis of the Banff 97 classification. Criteria of both arterial intimal fibrosis and thickening and hyaline arteriolosclerosis were used and graded as absent (0), mild (1), moderate (2), and severe (3). Hypertensive renal changes were considered present when the combined pathology score was >2. To minimize confounding, those with hypertension or diabetes were excluded.Results

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cocaine Use and Hypertensive Renal Changes in HIV-Infected Individuals

Fine

Garg

Haas

et al. 2007

Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Cocaine has been associated with accelerated and malignant hypertension as well as implicated in hastening the progression of hypertensive nephrosclerosis to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) [330,331]. Twelve black individuals who were identified as habitual cocaine users for up to 10 yr presented with severe hypertension, advanced renal insufficiency, non-nephrotic-range proteinuria, and decreased renal size.…”

Section: Cocaine-related Renal Injurymentioning

confidence: 99%

Side Effects of Cocaine Abuse: Multiorgan Toxicity and Pathological Consequences

Riezzo

Fiore²,

Carlo³

et al. 2012

CMC

178

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Cocaine is a powerful stimulant of the sympathetic nervous system by inhibiting catecholamine reuptake, stimulating central sympathetic outflow, and increasing the sensitivity of adrenergic nerve endings to norepinephrine (NE). It is known, from numerous studies, that cocaine causes irreversible structural changes on the brain, heart, lung and other organs such as liver and kidney and there are many mechanisms involved in the genesis of these damages. Some effects are determined by the overstimulation of the adrenergic system. Most of the direct toxic effects are mediated by oxidative stress and by mitochondrial dysfunction produced during the metabolism of noradrenaline or during the metabolism of norcocaina, as in cocaine-induced hepathotoxicity. Cocaine is responsible for the coronary arteries vasoconstriction, atherosclerotic phenomena and thrombus formation. In this way, cocaine favors the myocardial infarction. While the arrhythmogenic effect of cocaine is mediated by the action on potassium channel (blocking), calcium channels (enhances the function) and inhibiting the flow of sodium during depolarization. Moreover chronic cocaine use is associated with myocarditis, ventricular hypertrophy, dilated cardiomyopathy and heart failure. A variety of respiratory problems temporally associated with crack inhalation have been reported. Cocaine may cause changes in the respiratory tract as a result of its pharmacologic effects exerted either locally or systemically, its method of administration (smoking, sniffing, injecting), or its alteration of central nervous system neuroregulation of pulmonary function. Renal failure resulting from cocaine abuse has been also well documented. A lot of studies demonstrated a high incidence of congenital cardiovascular and brain malformations in offspring born to mothers with a history of cocaine abuse.

show abstract

“…[2][3][4][5] The main renal manifestation was nephrotic syndrome, but the underlying pathomorphologic renal changes differed substantially, and no specific lesion could be consistently associated with addiction. 6 The diversity of lesions is probably due to the numerous diseases associated with drug abuse, such as viral hepatitis, human immunodeficiency virus infection, chronic cutaneous bacterial infection, or endocarditis with concomitant bacteremia or amyloidosis, all of which lead to a different renal pathology.…”

Section: Commentmentioning

confidence: 99%