Cocrystal Strategy toward Multifunctional 3D‐Printing Scaffolds Enables NIR‐Activated Photonic Osteosarcoma Hyperthermia and Enhanced Bone Defect Regeneration

Abstract

Malignant bone tumors are one of the major serious diseases in clinic. Inferior reconstruction of new bone and rapid propagation of residual tumor cells are the main challenges to surgical intervention. Herein, a bifunctional DTC@BG scaffold for near‐infrared (NIR)‐activated photonic thermal ablation of osteosarcoma and accelerated bone defect regeneration is engineered by in situ growth of NIR‐absorbing cocrystal (DTC) on the surface of a 3D‐printing bioactive glass (BG) scaffold. The prominent photothermal conversion performance and outstanding bone regeneration capability of DTC@BG scaffolds originate from the precise tailoring of the bandgap between the electron donors and acceptors of DTC and promote new bone growth performance of BG scaffolds. DTC@BG scaffolds not only significantly promote tumor cell ablation in vitro, but also effectively facilitate bone tumor suppression in vivo. In particular, DTC@BG scaffolds exhibit excellent capability in stimulating osteogenic differentiation and angiogenesis, and finally promote newborn bone formation in the bone defects. This research represents the first paradigm for ablating osteosarcoma and facilitating new bone formation through precise modulation of electron donors and acceptors in the cocrystal, which offers a new avenue to construct high‐efficiency therapeutic platforms based on cocrystal strategy for ablation of malignant bone tumor.

A Novel Approach to Enhance Bone Regeneration by Controlling the Polarity of GaN/AlGaN Heterostructures

“…A spread cell morphology with numerous filopodia is an important requirement for the osteogenic activity of MSCs. [ 48 ] Our results suggest that the improved cell adhesion and spreading are potential cues for Ga‐GaN/AlGaN to promote osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs and bone regeneration.…”

“…A spread cell morphology with numerous filopodia is an important requirement for the osteogenic activity of MSCs. [48] Our results suggest that Ideal biomaterials for bone regeneration should be osteoinductive, [1] which implies that they should be able to recruit MSCs and induce osteogenic differentiation. [49] Therefore, transwell migration assays (Figure 6g,h) and wound healing tests ( Figure S7, Supporting Information) were further performed to evaluate the recruitment ability of BMSCs implanted on the different films.…”

NIR light-assisted phototherapies for bone-related diseases and bone tissue regeneration: A systematic review

“…Secondly, these NIR light-responsive nanomaterials can be integrated into scaffolds for combinatory bone cancer therapy and tissue regeneration. Considering that a few bone tumor cells inevitably remain around the bone defect after surgical intervention, the implanted bifunctional scaffolds could exhibit not only prominent photothermal and photodynamic performances, but also outstanding bone regeneration capabilities, which provide optimal alternatives for the treatment of large bone tumors and tumor-initiated bone defects 31 , 43 - 45 . Thirdly, these NIR light-responsive nanomaterials could also be integrated into NIR light-triggered drug release systems, exhibiting versatility via their precise and controlled release of anticancer drugs 12 .…”

“…Another kind of PTT agent, MoS 2 nanosheets, has also been introduced into BG scaffolds for anticancer treatment and bone tissue regeneration 66 . Besides these inorganic nanomaterials, a kind of NIR light-absorbing organic charge-transfer cocrystal with great photothermal conversion performance has also been integrated into BG scaffolds to fabricate bifunctional therapeutic implants 45 . Additionally, organic NIR light-responsive biomaterials modification, such as dopamine modification, would also provide scaffolds with an excellent NIR photothermal effect 67 .…”

Self‐Assembled Nanoparticles as Cancer Therapeutic Agents

“…reported a facile method of fabricating co‐crystals (named as DTC) with DBTTF (dibenzotetrathiafulvalene, electrons donor) and TCB (tetracyanobenzene, electrons acceptor). [ 55 ] DTC co‐crystals have intense intermolecular π–π stacking and electron delocalization, resulting in almost 92% fluorescence quenching, absorption of red‐shift to NIR regions, and great photothermal activities, whereas the absorption of DBTTF and TCB molecules was located in UV region. And Figure 4B shows the molecular orbital diagrams, energy diagrams, IR thermal images, photothermal conversion curves, and cell viability after different treatments.…”