Coevolution in Insect Herbivores and Conifers

Edmunds, George F.; Alstad, D. N.

doi:10.1126/science.199.4332.941

Cited by 340 publications

(220 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…Local adaptation of parasites was first demonstrated for herbivorous insects performing better on natal than on foreign host trees (Edmunds & Alstad, 1978), and adaptive deme formation in plant-herbivore systems has become a well-supported phenomenon (Van Zandt & Mopper, unpubl. ;Mopper & Strauss, 1998).…”

Section: Conventional Wisdom: Parasites Are Locally Adaptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

1998

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In host-parasite coevolutionary arms races, parasites probably have an evolutionary advantage. Parasite populations should be locally adapted, having higher mean fitness on sympatric than allopatric hosts. Here we assess evidence for local parasite advantage. Further we investigate how adaptation and counter-adaptation of parasites and hosts, necessarily occurring in sympatry, can generate a pattern of local adaptation. Already simple frequency-dependent selection models generate complex patterns of parasite performance on sympatric and allopatric populations. In metapopulations, with extinction, recolonization, and gene flow, variable selection pressure and stochasticity may obscure local processes or change the level at which local adaptation occurs. Alternatively, gene flow may introduce adaptive variation, so differential migration rates can modify the asymmetry of host and parasite evolutionary rates. We conclude that local adaptation is an average phenomenon. Its detection requires adequate replication at the appropriate level, that at which the local processes occur.

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Section: Conventional Wisdom: Parasites Are Locally Adaptedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

1998

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“…Various investigators present evidence that some individuals of a species may be more susceptible to parasitism (Edmunds and Alstad 1978;McDonald 1981;Cates et al 1983;Dinoor and Eshed 1984), and several studies have found that environmental conditions leading to reduced vigor will increase susceptibility (Raffa and Berryman 1982;Cates et al 1983;Matson and Waring 1984;Pitman 1983, 1985). Such studies have great relevance to forest management programs in which pest control is desirable.…”

Section: Plant Species Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parasites, Lightning, and the Vegetation Mosaic in Wilderness Landscapes

Knight¹

1987

Landscape Heterogeneity and Disturbance

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“…As we still know little about the genetic architecture of host resistance and parasite virulence, it is difficult to judge which genetic model best explains phenotypic observations of coevolutionary dynamics (Edmunds and Alstad, 1978;Lively et al, 2004;Morgan et al, 2005;Laine, 2006;Decaestecker et al, 2007;Jokela et al, 2009;Morran et al, 2011;Kerstes et al, 2012). A review of quantitative trait locus studies in host-parasite systems suggested that host resistance is often influenced by a few loci with rather strong effects and epistatic interactions (Wilfert and Schmid-Hempel, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic architecture of resistance in Daphnia hosts against two species of host-specific parasites

Routtu

Ebert

2014

Heredity

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Understanding the genetic architecture of host resistance is key for understanding the evolution of host-parasite interactions. Evolutionary models often assume simple genetics based on few loci and strong epistasis. It is unknown, however, whether these assumptions apply to natural populations. Using a quantitative trait loci (QTL) approach, we explore the genetic architecture of resistance in the crustacean Daphnia magna to two of its natural parasites: the horizontally transmitted bacterium Pasteuria ramosa and the horizontally and vertically transmitted microsporidium Hamiltosporidium tvaerminnensis. These two systems have become models for studies on the evolution of host-parasite interactions. In the QTL panel used here, Daphnia's resistance to P. ramosa is controlled by a single major QTL (which explains 50% of the observed variation). Resistance to H. tvaerminnensis horizontal infections shows a signature of a quantitative trait based in multiple loci with weak epistatic interactions (together explaining 38% variation). Resistance to H. tvaerminnensis vertical infections, however, shows only one QTL (explaining 13.5% variance) that colocalizes with one of the QTLs for horizontal infections. QTLs for resistance to Pasteuria and Hamiltosporidium do not colocalize. We conclude that the genetics of resistance in D. magna are drastically different for these two parasites. Furthermore, we infer that based on these and earlier results, the mechanisms of coevolution differ strongly for the two host-parasite systems. Only the Pasteuria-Daphnia system is expected to follow the negative frequency-dependent selection (Red Queen) model. How coevolution works in the Hamiltosporidium-Daphnia system remains unclear.

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Coevolution in Insect Herbivores and Conifers

Cited by 340 publications

References 9 publications

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

Local adaptation in host–parasite systems

Parasites, Lightning, and the Vegetation Mosaic in Wilderness Landscapes

Genetic architecture of resistance in Daphnia hosts against two species of host-specific parasites

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