Coffee Reduces Liver Damage in a Rat Model of Steatohepatitis: The Underlying Mechanisms and the Role of Polyphenols and Melanoidins

Abstract

Epidemiological data associate coffee consumption with a lower prevalence of chronic liver disease and a reduced risk of elevated liver enzyme levels (c glutamyl transpeptidase and alanine aminotransferase), advanced liver disease and its complications, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Knowledge of the mechanisms underlying these effects and the coffee components responsible for these properties is still lacking. In this study, 1.5 mL/day of decaffeinated coffee or its polyphenols or melanoidins (corresponding to approximately 2 cups of filtered coffee or 6 cups of espresso coffee for a 70-kg person) were added for 8 weeks to the drinking water of rats who were being fed a high-fat, high-calorie solid diet (HFD) for the previous 4 weeks. At week 12, HFD 1 water rats showed a clinical picture typical of advanced nonalcoholic steatohepatitis compared with control rats (normal diet 1 water). In comparison, HFD 1 coffee rats showed: (1) reduced hepatic fat and collagen, as well as reduced serum alanine aminotransferase and triglycerides; (2) a two-fold reduced/oxidized glutathione ratio in both serum and liver; (3) reduced serum malondialdehyde (lipid peroxidation) and increased ferric reducing antioxidant power (reducing activity); (4) reduced expression of tumor necrosis factor a (TNF-a), tissue transglutaminase, and transforming growth factor b and increased expression of adiponectin receptor and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor a in liver tissue; and (5) reduced hepatic concentrations of proinflammatory TNF-a and interferon-c and increased anti-inflammatory interleukin-4 and interleukin-10. Conclusion: Our data demonstrate that coffee consumption protects the liver from damage caused by a high-fat diet. This effect was mediated by a reduction in hepatic fat accumulation (through increased fatty acid b-oxidation); systemic and liver oxidative stress (through the glutathione system); liver inflammation (through modulation of genes); and expression and concentrations of proteins and cytokines related to inflammation. (HEPATOLOGY 2010;52:1652-1661 N onalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered the hepatic manifestation of the metabolic syndrome and is associated with its clinical features, including visceral obesity, dislipidemia, and type 2 diabetes.1 NAFLD has high prevalence in the general population, and it can evolve into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis, and complications such as liver failure and hepatocellular carcinoma. 2,3 A model in which rats without genetic modifications are given a high-fat, high-calorie diet is the gold standard for studying the pathogenetic factors involved in NASH. 4 NASH is a chronic inflammatory state in which ROS and several immunomodulatory factors contribute to liver injury. It is well documented that many natural substances, such as common foods and Abbreviations: adipo-R2, adiponectin receptor

Coffee Silverskin: A Review on Potential Cosmetic Applications

“…Paur et al [29] showed that extracts of dark-roasted coffee inhibit NF-κB activity by more than 80%, in LPS-induced NF-κB activation. Similar evidences were reported by Vitaglione et al [38] on reducing TNF-α expression.…”

Effects of Green Coffee Bean Extract Supplementation on Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Clinical Trial

“…Hs-CRP is synthesized predominantly in the liver and its serum levels may be more closely linked to the extent of hepatic inflammation (45). In a high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced NASH model in male Wistar rats, Vitaglione et al showed that coffee in drinking water significantly improved levels of glutathione and malondialdehyde (46).…”

Influence of integral and decaffeinated coffee brews on metabolic parameters of rats fed with hiperlipidemic diets

“…Yamauchi et al (2010) reported that the reduction in the level of liver fat was a consequence of decreased gene expression related to fatty acid synthesis in the liver. Another study found that coffee consumption had a protective effect on liver damage caused the fatty diet, mediated by a reduction in hepatic fat accumulation by increasing beta-oxidation of fatty acids (Vitaglione et al 2010).…”