Cognitive antecedents to adolescent health risk: Discriminating between behavioral intention and behavioral willingness

Gibbons, Frederick X.; Gerrard, Meg; Ouellette, Judith A.; Burzette, Rebecca G.

doi:10.1080/08870449808406754

Cited by 159 publications

(148 citation statements)

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“…Based on these findings, it has been argued that impulsive and social undesirable behaviours are better predicted by behavioural willingness, i.e., the 'recognition that one would be willing to engage in the behaviour under some circumstances' (Gibbons & Gerrard, 1995, 1997Gibbons et al, 2003) than by measures of intentions. In a study on drink driving among adolescents, Gibbons et al (1998b) found that both intention and willingness predicted future behaviour, and that they predicted behaviour independently of one another.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerations and Possible Avenues For Further mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pomery, Gibbons, Reis-Bergan and Gerrard (2009) found that willingness was a stronger predictor of risky behaviour among young adolescents (13 years) with little experience with the behaviour, i.e., substance use, than among middle aged adolescents (aged 16 years) and that intentions became stronger predictors as experience with the behaviour increased. Nevertheless, Gibbons et al (1998b) demonstrated that both willingness and intention are useful predictors of drink driving behaviour, and Rivis et al (2011) showed that applying both the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) and the TPB provided useful information about the motivational determinants of willingness to drink and drive. A nice extension of the study of Rivis et al (2011) could be to measure both willingness and intention to ride with an intoxicated driver in the same study, preferably with the opportunity to examine age and gender differences, and to examine the predictive utility of relevant predictors and potential moderators such as affect and impulsivity on both willingness and intention.…”

Section: Theoretical Considerations and Possible Avenues For Further mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Whether or not to ride with an intoxicated driver: Predicting intentions using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour

Moan¹

2013

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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The purpose of this study was to determine to what extent the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) extended with past behaviour, moral norm, descriptive norm, demographic variables and frequency of alcohol use is able to predict intentions not to ride with an intoxicated driver. Second, to examine whether different processes guide intentions among young passengers (35 years and below) versus passengers aged above 35 years, and women's versus men's intentions.Questionnaires were sent to a sample of 4000 people in Norway aged between 18 and 70 years, and were completed by 1025 respondents, 44.9% were men (M = 43.9 years). The results showed that the TPB variables explained 19% (Adjusted R 2 ) of the variance in intentions, and that the extension variables gave a significant contribution to the explained variance (R 2 change = .04), after controlling for the impact of the TPB components. Age, gender and frequency of alcohol use had no significant impact on intention after controlling for the TPB components. Perceived behavioural control was the strongest predictor of intention (β = .25, p < .001), followed by moral norm (β = .16, p < .001), past behaviour (β = -.12, p < .001), descriptive norm (β = .09, p < .01) and subjective norm (β = .08, p<.05). Several group differences were found. The extended TPB model explained 27% and 17% (Adjusted R 2 ) of men's and women's intentions, respectively, and 40% and 20% (Adjusted R 2 ) of the variance in intentions among young and older passengers, respectively. The practical implications of these results for the development of interventions to motivate passengers not to ride with intoxicated drivers are outlined.Key words: drink-driving, theory of planned behaviour, descriptive and moral norm, past behaviour, age and gender differences, alcohol use.3

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Section: Theoretical Considerations and Possible Avenues For Further mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Theoretical Considerations and Possible Avenues For Further mentioning

confidence: 99%

Whether or not to ride with an intoxicated driver: Predicting intentions using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour

Moan¹

2013

Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviou

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“…Gibbons et al (2000) argue that individuals who are intending to drink might be more accepting of the consequences (such as a hangover) whereas individuals who are willing, but not intending, to drink do not anticipate adverse outcomes. This lack of forethought means unplanned behaviour may be harmful to younger adolescents who may not consider themselves to be personally vulnerable (Gibbons, Gerrard, Ouellette, & Burzette, 1998). In a qualitative study with UK adolescents, it was found that there was a difference between older (aged [16][17] and younger (aged 11-13) participants whereby older participants made plans to drink (indicating their drinking was predominantly intentional), whereas, younger participants did not make plans to drink indicating drinking was driven by a particular social situation (Davies, Martin, & Foxcroft, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age differences in alcohol prototype perceptions and willingness to drink in UK adolescents

Davies

Martin

Foxcroft

2015

Psychology, Health & Medicine

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Using the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM) as a framework, this study sought to explore the relationship between prototype perceptions, willingness and alcohol consumption in a sample of adolescents in the United Kingdom. Adolescents aged 11-17 were asked about their alcohol prototype perceptions, willingness to drink, intentions, alcohol consumption, drunkenness and harms using a cross sectional online survey. Participants were recruited through opportunity sampling via schools and parents. The survey was completed by 178 respondents (51% female; 91 aged 11-15, 87 aged 16-17). Multivariate analysis revealed significant differences between participants aged 11-15 and 16-17 on PWM measures, even when experience with drinking was accounted for (p<.001). There were significant interactions (p<.001) between age and prototype perceptions; younger participants rated non-drinker prototypes as more favourable and more similar to the self than 16-17 year-old participants. Willingness and intentions interacted with age; both measures were similar in 16-17 year-olds, whereas younger participants scored significantly higher on willingness than intentions (p<.001). Three distinct scales of prototype descriptions were identified in principal components analysis.Characteristics related to sociability significantly predicted willingness to drink alcohol in the sample (p<.001). This study extends previous research by demonstrating that the PWM can provide a theoretical explanation of adolescent drinking in the UK. The results suggest that 11-15 year-olds may the most suitable age for an intervention that targets alcohol prototypes, with a focus on sociability characteristics.

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“…For example, the organismic integration approach within self-determination theory suggests that the behavior or motivations endorsed by significant others can be internalized by an individual (Deci & Ryan, 1985). Other theories emphasize the importance of normative influence, which may occur via the influence of subjective norms (i.e., the theory of planned behavior [Ajzen, 1991]), descriptive norms (i.e., the focus theory of normative conduct; [Cialdini, Kallgren, & Reno, 1991]), or prototypes (the prototype-willingness model [Gibbons, Gerrard, Blanton, & Russell, 1998]).…”

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confidence: 99%

Contextual Effects on the Perceived Health Benefits of Exercise: The Exercise Rank Hypothesis

Maltby

Wood

Vlaev

et al. 2012

Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology

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Many accounts of social influences on exercise participation describe how people compare their behaviors to those of others. We develop and test a novel hypothesis, the exercise rank hypothesis, of how this comparison can occur. The exercise rank hypothesis, derived from evolutionary theory and the decision by sampling model of judgment, suggests that individuals’ perceptions of the health benefits of exercise are influenced by how individuals believe the amount of exercise ranks in comparison with other people’s amounts of exercise. Study 1 demonstrated that individuals’ perceptions of the health benefits of their own current exercise amounts were as predicted by the exercise rank hypothesis. Study 2 demonstrated that the perceptions of the health benefits of an amount of exercise can be manipulated by experimentally changing the ranked position of the amount within a comparison context. The discussion focuses on how social norm-based interventions could benefit from using rank information.

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Cognitive antecedents to adolescent health risk: Discriminating between behavioral intention and behavioral willingness

Cited by 159 publications

References 43 publications

Whether or not to ride with an intoxicated driver: Predicting intentions using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour

Whether or not to ride with an intoxicated driver: Predicting intentions using an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour

Age differences in alcohol prototype perceptions and willingness to drink in UK adolescents

Contextual Effects on the Perceived Health Benefits of Exercise: The Exercise Rank Hypothesis

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