Cognitive changes after alcohol cue exposure.

Cooney, Ned L.; Gillespie, Robert A.; Baker, Laurence H.; Kaplan, Richard F.

doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.2.150

Cited by 120 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…However, no previous work has contrasted these findings to a group of well-matched noncocaine addicted control individuals. In the present study, social drinkers were used as controls owing to the fact that this group has demonstrated increased physiological reactivity and desire for alcohol following cue exposure (Cooney et al, 1987;Greeley et al, 1993), thereby allowing for a comparison of the craving state between a nonaddicted and addicted group of patients. Comparisons between both groups are necessary in order to fully determine (1) the extent to which a potential dysregulation of neural stress and reward circuits underlies stress-and cue-induced craving in abstinent cocaine patients and (2) to help clarify the emotional and physiological components associated with an increased sensitivity to stress-and cue-related cocaine craving.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Sensitivity to Stress and Drug/Alcohol Craving in Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Compared to Social Drinkers

Fox

Hong

Siedlarz

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

165

164

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Chronic exposure to cocaine is associated with neuroadaptions in stress and reward circuits that may increase susceptibility to relapse. We examined whether there are alterations in stress response and craving in abstinent cocaine-dependent individuals compared with a demographically matched group of non-addicted socially drinking community controls. Forty treatment-engaged abstinent cocaine patients (17F/23M) and 40 controls (19F/21M) were exposed to a brief 5 min guided imagery of individually calibrated stressful situations, personal drug/alcohol-related situation and a neutral-relaxing situation, one imagery per session, presented in random order. Craving, anxiety, emotion rating scales, and physiological measures were assessed. Cocaine patients reported significantly higher and more persistent stress-and cue-induced drug/alcohol craving, negative emotions, and physiological responses compared with social drinkers. In cocaine patients, stress-and cue-induced drug craving was accompanied by increased anger, fear, sadness, heart rate, and SBP. Controls reported minimal stress-induced craving and only increases in anxiety and SBP during stress exposure. Cue-induced alcohol craving was accompanied only by an increase in relaxed state. Females reported increased stress-induced anxiety and sadness compared with males, while males were emotionally and physiologically more reactive in the cue condition. These findings are the first to document functional alterations in stress-and reward-related affect and physiology in recently abstinent cocaine patients that is marked by an enhanced sensitivity to stress-and drug-related cue exposure. These data suggest that recovery from chronic cocaine abuse could be hampered by a hyper-responsive stress-and drug-craving state that increases cocaine relapse susceptibility.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced Sensitivity to Stress and Drug/Alcohol Craving in Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Compared to Social Drinkers

Fox

Hong

Siedlarz

et al. 2007

Neuropsychopharmacol

165

164

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“…Exposure to alcohol cues increases craving in both alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinkers (Cooney, Gillespie, Baker & Kaplan, 1987;Kaplan et al, 1985; cf. Stormark, Laberg, Bjerland, Nordby & Hugdahl, 1995), and watching someone pick up and hold a cigarette can induce smokers to crave cigarettes (Niaura, Abrams, Pedraza, Monti, & Rohsenow, 1992).…”

Section: Conditioned Cuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When consumption has to be substantially delayed or there is potent current motivation not to consume the substance, the predominant emotional response to craving is negative (Cooney et al, 1987;Zinser et al, 1992). The effect has been demonstrated with a wide range of consummatory targets including alcohol (Cooney et al, 1987), cigarettes (Zinser et al, 1992), cocaine (Powell, Bradley & Gray, 1992) and food (McDiarmid & Hethrington, 1995). In a context of externally attributed deprivation, the predominant emotion is often frustration or anger (Sherman, Morse, & Baker, 1986).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In a context of externally attributed deprivation, the predominant emotion is often frustration or anger (Sherman, Morse, & Baker, 1986). Within the EI theory, this effect is linked to a heightened sense of deprivation.The association between craving and negative emotion during behavioral restraint is usually characterized by anxiety (Monti et al, 1993) or guilt (Cooney et al, 1987;McDiarmid & Hethrington, 1995), although more complex mixtures of negative emotions may also be seen (Powell et al, 1992). Anxiety over craving during an attempt at restraint shows some similarity to a "goal violation effect" (Marlatt & Gordon, 1985) within lapses in behavior control: It is as if the person sees imagined consumption as tantamount to a behavioral violation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire.

Kavanagh

Andrade

May

2005

Psychological Review

783

686

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The elaborated intrusion theory of desire 2 Imaginary relish and exquisite torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of desire AbstractWe argue that human desire involves conscious cognition that has strong affective connotation and is potentially involved in the determination of appetitive behavior rather than being epiphenomenal to it. Intrusive thoughts about appetitive targets are triggered automatically by external or physiological cues and by cognitive associates. . When intrusions elicit significant pleasure or relief, cognitive elaboration usually ensues. Elaboration competes with concurrent cognitive tasks through retrieval of target-related information and its retention in working memory. Sensory images are especially important products of intrusion and elaboration, since they simulate the sensory and emotional qualities of target acquisition. Desire images are momentarily rewarding, but amplify awareness of somatic and emotional deficits. Effects of desires on behavior are moderated by competing incentives, target availability and skills. The theory provides a coherent account of existing data and suggests new directions for research and treatment.A cognitive-emotional model of desire 3 The imaginary relish is so sweetThat it enchants my sense. (Shakespeare, Troilus & Cressida, Act 3, Scene 2).Here you are, innocently reading a psychology journal, and a paper suddenly mentions someone drinking a cup of excellent coffee at a sidewalk café on a sunny Sunday morning. Chances are that you immediately imagine how good it would be to have a cup yourself. Maybe you imagine the smell of the freshly ground coffee beans, the smell and taste of the coffee, perhaps even the sound of the grinder and the bubble and steam of the espresso machine. If you do not especially enjoy coffee, or have just finished a cup, this image may have little appeal. But if you would really enjoy a cup of coffee right now, the image has a pleasurable piquancy -a tantalizing enchantment that, like a tickle to your foot, moves easily to a sense of torture if the desire cannot be fulfilled. From its inception, the thought captures your attention. It has strong emotive power, and there is a sense that it triggers action. You may even feel unable to continue to read this paper until you get a cup.What are the essential elements of this subjective experience? Our impression is that they include the intrusive and often unexpected nature of the initial thought, the imagery of the coffee and of drinking it, and the pleasure and torture that image brings. Once begun, it is difficult to stop thinking about it-in fact, it is difficult to think about anything else. If the affective impact of the desire is particularly strong, its fulfilment may seem imperative, although of course it is not inevitable.In this paper, we describe an Elaborated Intrusion (EI) Theory of desires, which embodies these key aspects of the subjective phenomena as well as encompassing the wide range of related empirical evidence. As its name suggests, the theory distinguishes ...

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“…Existen diversos estudios llevados a cabo para confirmar esta teoría, con resultados contradictorios. En alguno se encontró que existe relación directa entre expectativas y niveles de consumo de alcohol, asumiendo que las expectativas controlan el consumo de alcohol (22), en cambio, en otros, no se halló correlación alguna que satisficiera el modelo (23).…”

Section: · Modelo De Las Expectativas De Resultadounclassified

El craving, un componente esencial en la abstinencia

Vela

Abadías²,

Vidal

et al. 2004

Rev. Asoc. Esp. Neuropsiq.

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CRAVING, AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT IN ABSTINENCE RESUMENEsta revisión pretende definir el concepto de craving, o deseo por el consumo de drogas, como componente esencial en una dependencia y su papel en el mantenimiento de la abstinencia. Existen bási-camente dos modelos para explicar este fenómeno, uno basado en mecanismos de condicionamiento clásico y otro basado en mecanismos cognitivos. Existe un tercer modelo, que sería el modelo neuroadaptativo, el cual formaría parte de los dos anteriores. Se podría afirmar que el craving forma parte de una adicción, que existe una intensificación del deseo ante señales asociadas al consumo, que este anhelo es una sensación principalmente subjetiva para cada individuo y que es importante enseñar a los pacientes a analizar, afrontar y utilizar sus deseos y a observar cómo desaparecen sin necesidad de consumo. La importancia del mejor conocimiento de este fenómeno radica en las posibilidades de medición y futuro tratamiento del mismo, mejorando de manera significativa la asistencia en las drogodependencias, con una mayor eficacia en el mantenimiento de la abstinencia.Palabras clave: Craving. Consumo de drogas. Abstinencia. Conductas adictivas. ABSTRACTThis review tries to define the concept of craving, or the desire for drug consumption, as an essential component in a drug dependence and its role in the maintenance of abstinence. Two models exist to explain this phenomenon, one based on mechanisms of classic conditioning and other based on cognitive mechanisms. There is a third model, the neuroadaptative model, which would comprise of previous both. It is possible to assert that craving is a part of an addiction, that exists an intensification of the desire in front to consumption cues, and that this desire is a sensation mainly subjetive for each individual and that it is important to teach the patients to analyze, to confront and to use their desires and to observe how they disappear with no need of consumption. The importance of better knowledge of this phenomenon lies on the possibility to assessment and its future treatment, improving signigicantly the assistance to drug dependences, with most efficacy in the maintenance of abstinence.

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Cognitive changes after alcohol cue exposure.

Cited by 120 publications

References 15 publications

Enhanced Sensitivity to Stress and Drug/Alcohol Craving in Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Compared to Social Drinkers

Enhanced Sensitivity to Stress and Drug/Alcohol Craving in Abstinent Cocaine-Dependent Individuals Compared to Social Drinkers

Imaginary Relish and Exquisite Torture: The Elaborated Intrusion Theory of Desire.

El craving, un componente esencial en la abstinencia

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