CRAVING, AN ESSENTIAL COMPONENT IN ABSTINENCE RESUMENEsta revisión pretende definir el concepto de craving, o deseo por el consumo de drogas, como componente esencial en una dependencia y su papel en el mantenimiento de la abstinencia. Existen bási-camente dos modelos para explicar este fenómeno, uno basado en mecanismos de condicionamiento clásico y otro basado en mecanismos cognitivos. Existe un tercer modelo, que sería el modelo neuroadaptativo, el cual formaría parte de los dos anteriores. Se podría afirmar que el craving forma parte de una adicción, que existe una intensificación del deseo ante señales asociadas al consumo, que este anhelo es una sensación principalmente subjetiva para cada individuo y que es importante enseñar a los pacientes a analizar, afrontar y utilizar sus deseos y a observar cómo desaparecen sin necesidad de consumo. La importancia del mejor conocimiento de este fenómeno radica en las posibilidades de medición y futuro tratamiento del mismo, mejorando de manera significativa la asistencia en las drogodependencias, con una mayor eficacia en el mantenimiento de la abstinencia.Palabras clave: Craving. Consumo de drogas. Abstinencia. Conductas adictivas. ABSTRACTThis review tries to define the concept of craving, or the desire for drug consumption, as an essential component in a drug dependence and its role in the maintenance of abstinence. Two models exist to explain this phenomenon, one based on mechanisms of classic conditioning and other based on cognitive mechanisms. There is a third model, the neuroadaptative model, which would comprise of previous both. It is possible to assert that craving is a part of an addiction, that exists an intensification of the desire in front to consumption cues, and that this desire is a sensation mainly subjetive for each individual and that it is important to teach the patients to analyze, to confront and to use their desires and to observe how they disappear with no need of consumption. The importance of better knowledge of this phenomenon lies on the possibility to assessment and its future treatment, improving signigicantly the assistance to drug dependences, with most efficacy in the maintenance of abstinence.
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