“…Many studies have shown the psychological factors and the stages of readiness to change are related to F&V intakes (Havas et al, 1998;Watters, Satia, & Galanko, 2007;Shaikh, Yaroch, Nebeling, Yeh, & Resnicow, 2008). A few studies in Japan have demonstrated that positive attitudes, self-efficacy, social support, and perceived barrier were associated with daily F&V intakes (Kobayashi, Asakura, Suga, & Sasaki, 2015;Okamoto, Nakao, & Muto, 2015;Kato, 2011;Kato, Watanabe, Haga, Imada, & Osada, 2014;Wang et al, 2016). However, there is limited evidence from Japan that addresses the association of the stage of behavioral change with daily F&V intake as well as with psycho-social factors among general population.…”